IDEA构建Springboot + H2 +JPA + thymeleaf 项目。

1. 项目整体结构目录：
   
2. pom.xml

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
      <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.200</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

3. application.properties

#the log level
logging.level.org.springframework=debug

#configure the datasource, type equal default
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:mydb
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=sa
spring.datasource.schema=classpath:db/schema.sql
spring.datasource.data=classpath:db/data.sql

#configure the h2 web console
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console
spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=true

#configure the jpa
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.datasource.platform=h2

#config the thymeleaf template
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
spring.thymeleaf.servlet.content-type=text/html
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

H2内存数据库依靠配置中的classpath:db/schema.sql来创建表

classpath:db/data.sql 向数据库中插入数据，红色字体不要管，不影响代码的运行。

4. Student类

package com.yueqin.domain;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Date;

@Component
@Entity
@Table(name="studnet")
public class Student {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private  int id;

    @Column
    private String name;

    @Column
    private int age;

    @Column
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")   //转入
    @JsonFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")       //json转出
    private Date birthday;

    @Column
    private String address;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

5. StudentService类

package com.yueqin.Service;

import com.yueqin.Repository.StudentRepository;
import com.yueqin.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;


@Service
public class StudentService {

    @Autowired
    private StudentRepository studentRepository;

    public Student insertOne(Student student){
        Student stu = studentRepository.save(student);
        return stu;
    }

    public int insertAll (List<Student> students){
        List<Student> studentList = studentRepository.saveAll(students);
        return studentList.size();
    }

    public Student findStudentById(int id){

        Optional<Student> student = studentRepository.findById(id);
        if(student.isPresent()){
            return student.get();
        }else{
            return null;
        }
    }

    public Student findStudentByName(String name){
        Student stu = studentRepository.findStudentByNameIsLike(name);
        return stu;
    }

    public void deleteStudentById(int id){
        studentRepository.deleteById(id);
    }

    public void deleteAll(){
        studentRepository.deleteAll();
    }

    public Student updateStudent(Student student){
        Student update = studentRepository.save(student);
        return update;
    }

}

6. HTML

注意 在用到thymeleaf时候，html声明<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> 一定要写上不然起不到作用。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>提交页</title>
    <style>
        *{
            margin: 10px 10px;
        }
        input{
            border-radius: 1px;
        }
        span{
            width:88px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="/save">
        <span>name : </span><input type="text" name="name" size="30"/><br/>
        <span>age  : </span><input type="text" name="age" size="30" /><br/>
        <span>birthday : </span><input type="text" name="birthday" placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"  size="30"/><br/>
        <span>address : </span><input type="text" name="address"  size="30"/><br/>
        <div class="button">
            <input type="reset" value="reset"/>
            <input type="submit" value="submit"/>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

7. 插入一条数据
   
8. 得到的JSON响应

@RestController
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService service;

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public Student saveStudent(Student student) throws JsonProcessingException {
        Student stu = service.insertOne(student);
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        System.out.println(mapper.writeValueAsString(stu));
        return stu;
    }
}

可以看到插入成功并返回json数据了

9. 登录h2的控制台去查看数据库的数据 http://localhost:8080/h2-console
   查看application.properies在以下的表格中填入相关的参数：

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:mydb
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=sa
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console #路径

10. 输入SQL语句查询数据

注意： 可以看到有两个Student表，其中第一个是保存data.sql脚本执行结果用于插入数据的Student表，第二个是用于保存我们表单提交的Student表。

可以看到数据已经成功插入到h2数据库了。

H2数据库是一个内存数据库，那么它不具备数据持久化能力，它的生命周期是等同于spring的生命周期，当你启动项目的时候，h2同时被激活，当你关闭项目的时候h2同时被销毁，数据也会被清空，所以h2可以做一些缓存的作用，存储一些临时的数据。另外h2数据库可以很好的融入spring工程，快速运用，而不用再去构建mysql，或者oracle。在一些web容器的内部，比如jboss，tomcat，weblogic里面，可以运用h2来做一个数据源的测试数据库。