基于SpringBoot3和JDK17，集成H2数据库和jpa

基于SpringBoot3和JDK17，集成H2数据库和jpa

学会用H2数据库，为了快速写出需要处理数据关系的demo。

工程配置

完整demo：https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43820556/89385337

pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.6</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.donny.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>h2</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.properties文件

spring.application.name=h2
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
# 内存模式
#spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test
# 文件持久化模式
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:./db/testdb;AUTO_SERVER=TRUE;
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=sa
#spring.sql.init.schema-locations=classpath:db/schema.sql
spring.h2.console.path=/h2
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
logging.config=classpath:logback-spring.xml
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=loggers

练习H2数据库的操作

h2数据库的建表

/*学生*/
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student`
(
    `id`   INTEGER auto_increment primary key,
    `name` varchar(50) not null
);

/*老师,一个老师可以交好几个班级*/
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher`
(
    `id`      INTEGER auto_increment primary key,
    `name`    varchar(50) not null,
    `subject` varchar(50) not null
);

/*班级，一个学生只能在一个班级，一个班级有多名老师和学生*/
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `grade`;
CREATE TABLE `grade`
(
    `id`         INTEGER auto_increment primary key,
    `student_id` INTEGER,
    `teacher_id` INTEGER,
    `name`       varchar(50)
);

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student`
VALUES (0, '张三');
INSERT INTO `student`
VALUES (1, '少杰');
INSERT INTO `student`
VALUES (10, '赵子龙');
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `teacher`
VALUES (0, '张老师', '语文');
INSERT INTO `teacher`
VALUES (1, '王老师', '数学');
INSERT INTO `teacher`
VALUES (2, '陈老师', '英语');
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `grade`
VALUES (1, 0, 0, '1班');
INSERT INTO `grade`
VALUES (2, 1, 2, '2班');
INSERT INTO `grade`
VALUES (3, 10, 1, 'Z班');

自增主键控制

如果单独插入了数据，则不会与JPA的数据插入时主键相关联，例如，在建表的同时，写入了id为1的数据，则JPA在新增的时候，也会不会新增id为2的数据，还是新增id为1的数据，此时即报错。本人并未解决这种问题，而是将插入数据的操作，全部交由JPA来做，是实现主键自增的统一，如果有网友可以解决此问题，可以留言。

通过JPA来操作数据库

多对多关系，建议拆解成多个1对多的关系，进行表设计。
通过注解控制外键关系

@OneToOne：双向关系，实体键的关系是一对一，此注解用在单端上
@ManyToOne：双向关系，实体键的关系是多对一，此注解用在单端上

练习动态调整日志

引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

打开管理api（application.properties）

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=loggers

查看类的目前的日志级别

GET请求：http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/loggers/com.donny.demo.h2.controller.LogController

结果

{"effectiveLevel":"DEBUG"}

修改类的日志级别

POST请求：

http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/loggers/com.donny.demo.h2.controller.LogController 请求体 {"configuredLevel":"info"}

重新查询

{"configuredLevel":"ERROR","effectiveLevel":"ERROR"}

结果会是在LogController中增加一个配置项。若要取消configuredLevel，只要将请求体改为 {"configuredLevel":null}

测试类

package com.donny.demo.h2.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author 1792998761@qq.com
 * @version 1.0
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/log")
@Slf4j
public class LogController {
    @GetMapping("/logger")
    public String loggerLevel() {
        log.trace("logger level is trace");
        log.info("logger level is info");
        log.debug("logger level is debug");
        log.warn("logger level is warn");
        log.error("logger level is error");
        return "success";
    }
}

开启日志级别为debug时，输出的是[2024-06-01 15:24:25,180][http-nio-8080-exec-5][ERROR][com.donny.demo.h2.controller.LogController:23] logger level is error。说明生效了。