SpringMVC中的@ResponseBody响应json数据

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-07 07:24:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-07 07:24:24 发布

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分类专栏： springmvc 文章标签： springmvc

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41242680/article/details/105878972

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前提条件：

DispatcherServlet会拦截到所有的资源，导致一个问题就是静态资源（img、css、js）也会被拦截到，从而不能被使用。解决问题就是需要配置静态资源不进行拦截，在springmvc.xml配置文件添加如下配置：
mvc:resources标签配置不过滤，属性：

location元素表示webapp目录下的包下的所有文件。
mapping元素表示以/static开头的所有请求路径，如/static/a 或者/static/a/b。

示例：
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.qublog</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc02_response</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>springmvc02_response Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc02_response</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

User类：

package com.qublog.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

UserController类：

package com.qublog.controller;

import com.qublog.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    //返回值是String
    @RequestMapping("/testString")
    public String testString(Model model) {
        System.out.println("testString执行了");
        //模拟从数据库中查询出User对象
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("hehe");
        user.setPassword("1234");
        user.setAge(18);
        //model对象
        model.addAttribute("user",user);
        return "success";
    }

    //返回值是void
    @RequestMapping("/testVoid")
    public void testVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("testVoid执行了");
        //请求转发
        //request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request, response);

        //重定向
        //response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");

        //设置中文乱码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //直接进行响应
        response.getWriter().print("你好");
        return;
    }

    //返回值是ModelAndView
    @RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
    public ModelAndView testModelAndView() {
        //创建ModelAndView对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        System.out.println("testModelAndView执行了");
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("hehe");
        user.setPassword("1234");
        user.setAge(18);

        //把user对象存储到mv对象中，也会把user对象存储到request对象中。
        mv.addObject("user",user);
        //跳转到哪个页面
        mv.setViewName("success");

        return mv;
    }

    //使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
    @RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
    public String testForwardOrRedirect() {
        System.out.println("testForwardOrRedirect执行了");

        //请求的转发，不能使用视图解析器
        //return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }

    //模拟异步请求响应
    @RequestMapping("/testAjax")
    public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user) {
        System.out.println("testAjax执行了");
        //客户端发送ajax请求，传的是json字符串，后端把json字符串封装到user对象。
        System.out.println(user);
        //响应，模拟查询数据库
        user.setUsername("haha");
        user.setAge(40);
        //做相应
        return user;
    }
}

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qublog"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 前端控制器，哪些静态资源不拦截 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"></mvc:resources>

    <!-- 开启springmvc注解的支持，默认使适配器、处理器映射器生效 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!-- 配置解决中文乱码的过滤器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 前端控制器的配置（核心控制器） -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置初始化参数，用于读取springmvc的配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 配置servlet对象的创建时间点：应用加载时创建 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <!-- 表示拦截所有请求 -->
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

response.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Think
  Date: 2020/5/1
  Time: 9:16
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        //页面加载，绑定单击事件
        $(function () {
            $("#btn").click(function () {
                //alert("hello btn");
                //发送ajax请求
                $.ajax({
                    //编写json格式，设置属性和值
                    url:"user/testAjax",
                    contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                    data:'{"username":"hehe","password":"1342","age":"30"}',
                    dataType:"json",
                    type:"post",
                    success:function (data) {
                        //data为服务器端响应给json的数据
                        alert(data);
                        alert(data.username)
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="user/testString">testString</a><br/>
    <a href="user/testVoid">testVoid</a><br/>
    <a href="user/testModelAndView">testModelAndView</a><br/>
    <a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect">testForwardOrRedirect</a><br/>
    <button id="btn">发送ajax的请求</button>
</body>
</html>

要在/webapp/js/下导入jquery.min.js

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SpringMVC中的@ResponseBody响应json数据

前提条件：DispatcherServlet会拦截到所有的资源，导致一个问题就是静态资源（img、css、js）也会被拦截到，从而不能被使用。解决问题就是需要配置静态资源不进行拦截，在springmvc.xml配置文件添加如下配置：mvc:resources标签配置不过滤，属性：location元素表示webapp目录下的包下的所有文件。mapping元素表示以/static开头的所...
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