spring cloud
spring cloud是一个分布式的整体解决方案。spring cloud为开发者提供了在分布式系统(配置管理、服务发现、熔断、路由、微代理、控制总线、一次性token、全局锁、leader选举、分布式session、集群状态)中快速构建的工具,使用spring cloud的开发者可以快速的启动服务或构建应用,同时能够快速和云平台资源进行对接。
spring cloud分布式开发五大常用组件:
- 服务发现——Netflix Eureka
- 客户端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon
- 断路器——Netflix Hystrix
- 服务网关——Netflix Zuul
- 分布式配置——spring cloud Config
Netflix Eureka
示例:
创建三个项目:eureka-server、user-service-provider、user-service-consumer
eureka-server
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.qrxqrx</groupId>
<artifactId>testcloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>testcloud</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.qrxqrx.testcloud.TestcloudApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka-server #eureka实例的主机名
client:
register-with-eureka: false #不把自己注册到eureka上
fetch-registry: false #不从eureka上获取服务的注册信息
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
server:
enable-self-preservation: false
TestcloudApplication类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestcloudApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestcloudApplication.class, args);
}
}
user-service-provider
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.qrxqrx</groupId>
<artifactId>testcloud-client</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>testcloud-client</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.TestcloudClientApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 0
spring:
application:
name: user-service-provider
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
User类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.field;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
String name;
Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
UserService类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.service;
import com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.field.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserService {
public User getUsers() {
return new User("aaa",11);
}
}
UserController类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.controller;
import com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.field.User;
import com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/user")
public User getUser() {
System.out.println(userService.getUsers());
return userService.getUsers();
}
}
TestcloudClientApplication类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclient;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestcloudClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestcloudClientApplication.class, args);
}
}
user-service-consumer
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.qrxqrx</groupId>
<artifactId>testcloud-client-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>testcloud-client-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.0.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.qrxqrx.testcloudclientconsumer.TestcloudClientConsumerApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 0
spring:
application:
name: user-service-consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
User类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclientconsumer.field;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
String name;
Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
UserController类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclientconsumer.controller;
import com.qrxqrx.testcloudclientconsumer.field.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
@GetMapping("/getuser")
public User getUser() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://user-service-provider:0/user", User.class);
}
}
TestcloudClientConsumerApplication类:
package com.qrxqrx.testcloudclientconsumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestcloudClientConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestcloudClientConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
http://localhost:8761/可以访问eureka的注册中心dashboard。图中可以看到注册的服务。