【配置】yaml简介

springboot使用一个全局的配置文件（名字是固定的）：

• application.properties
• application.yml

配置文件的作用：修改springboot自动配置的默认值。

YAML

YAML（YAML Ain’t Markup Language）以数据为中心，比json、xml更适合做配置文件。

YAML语法

基本语法

k: v：表示一个键值对（空格必须有）。
以空格的缩进来控制层级关系，只要是左对齐的一列数据都是同一层级的。

server:
  port: 8081

属性和值是大小写敏感的。

值的写法

字面量：数字、字符串、布尔

字符串默认不用加双引号或单引号
“字符串”：转义字符串里的特殊字符
‘字符串’：不转义字符串里的特殊字符

对象、Map

friend:
	name: zhangsan
	age: 20

行内写法：

friend: {name: zhangsan, age: 20}

数组（List、Set）

用**- 值**表示数组中的一个元素

pets:
 - cat
 - dog
 - pig

行内写法：

pets: [cat, dog, pig]

yaml配置文件值获取

示例：
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.qublog</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot_config</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot_config</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 导入配置文件处理器，配置文件进行绑定就会有提示 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8081

person:
  lastName: zhangsan
  age: 20
  boss: false
  birth: 2020/12/12
  maps: {k1: v1, k2: v2}
  lists:
    - lisi
    - zhaosi
  dog:
    name: gou
    age: 2

Dog类：

package com.qublog.springboot_config.bean;

public class Dog {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Person类：

package com.qublog.springboot_config.bean;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


//将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值，映射到这个组件中
//@ConfigurationProperties告诉sspringboot将本类中所有的属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定
//prefix：配置文件中哪个下面的属性进行一一映射
//只有这个组件是容器中的组件，才能提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
    private String lastName;
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean boss;
    private Date birth;

    private Map<String, Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;
    private Dog dog;

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getBoss() {
        return boss;
    }

    public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
        this.boss = boss;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", boss=" + boss +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

SpringbootConfigApplication类：

package com.qublog.springboot_config;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootConfigApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootConfigApplication.class, args);
    }
}

SpringbootConfigApplicationTests类：

package com.qublog.springboot_config;

import com.qublog.springboot_config.bean.Person;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootConfigApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    Person person;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(person);
    }

}