springboot使用一个全局的配置文件(名字是固定的):
- application.properties
- application.yml
配置文件的作用:修改springboot自动配置的默认值。
YAML
YAML(YAML Ain’t Markup Language)以数据为中心,比json、xml更适合做配置文件。
YAML语法
基本语法
k: v:表示一个键值对(空格必须有)。
以空格的缩进来控制层级关系,只要是左对齐的一列数据都是同一层级的。
server:
port: 8081
属性和值是大小写敏感的。
值的写法
字面量:数字、字符串、布尔
字符串默认不用加双引号或单引号
“字符串”:转义字符串里的特殊字符
‘字符串’:不转义字符串里的特殊字符
对象、Map
friend:
name: zhangsan
age: 20
行内写法:
friend: {name: zhangsan, age: 20}
数组(List、Set)
用**- 值**表示数组中的一个元素
pets:
- cat
- dog
- pig
行内写法:
pets: [cat, dog, pig]
yaml配置文件值获取
示例:
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qublog</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot_config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot_config</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-platform-launcher</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入配置文件处理器,配置文件进行绑定就会有提示 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
server:
port: 8081
person:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
boss: false
birth: 2020/12/12
maps: {k1: v1, k2: v2}
lists:
- lisi
- zhaosi
dog:
name: gou
age: 2
Dog类:
package com.qublog.springboot_config.bean;
public class Dog {
private String name;
private Integer age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dog{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
Person类:
package com.qublog.springboot_config.bean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//将配置文件中配置的每一个属性的值,映射到这个组件中
//@ConfigurationProperties告诉sspringboot将本类中所有的属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定
//prefix:配置文件中哪个下面的属性进行一一映射
//只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String, Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Boolean getBoss() {
return boss;
}
public void setBoss(Boolean boss) {
this.boss = boss;
}
public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
return maps;
}
public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
this.maps = maps;
}
public List<Object> getLists() {
return lists;
}
public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
this.lists = lists;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", boss=" + boss +
", birth=" + birth +
", maps=" + maps +
", lists=" + lists +
", dog=" + dog +
'}';
}
}
SpringbootConfigApplication类:
package com.qublog.springboot_config;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootConfigApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootConfigApplication.class, args);
}
}
SpringbootConfigApplicationTests类:
package com.qublog.springboot_config;
import com.qublog.springboot_config.bean.Person;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootConfigApplicationTests {
@Autowired
Person person;
@Test
void contextLoads() {
System.out.println(person);
}
}