多继承强转的指针偏移问题

1. 多继承强转的指针偏移问题

class testA
{
public:
	int a;
	int b;
};

class testB
{
public:
	int c;
	int d;
};

class Mul : public testA,public testB
{
public:
	Mul()
	{
		a = 1;
		b = 2;
		c = 3;
		d = 4;
		e = 5;
	}

	int e;
};

Mul mul;
Mul *p_mul = &mul;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	printf("%p\n",p_mul);
	printf("%p\n",(testA *)p_mul);
	printf("%p\n",(testB *)p_mul);

	return 0;
}

输出：

0003B14C
0003B14C
0003B154

可以看到强转为test类型是地址发生了偏移

2. 问题发生

如果把我们上面定义的类型分文件存储

classtest.h

#pragma once

class testA
{
public:
	int a;
	int b;
};

class testB
{
public:
	int c;
	int d;
};

mulclass.h

#pragma once

#include "classtest.h"

class Mul : public testA,public testB
{
public:
	Mul()
	{
		a = 1;
		b = 2;
		c = 3;
		d = 4;
		e = 5;
	}

	int e;
};

mulclass.cpp

#pragma once

#include "classtest.h"

class Mul : public testA,public testB
{
public:
	Mul()
	{
		a = 1;
		b = 2;
		c = 3;
		d = 4;
		e = 5;
	}

	int e;
};

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "classtest.h"
//#include "mulclass.h"

class Mul;
extern Mul* p_mul;

int testA_add(testB *test)
{
	printf("test->c : %d\n",test->c);
	printf("test->d : %d\n",test->d);

	return test->c + test->d;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	testA_add((testB *)p_mul);
	//printf("%p\n",p_mul);
	//printf("%p\n",(testA *)p_mul);
	//printf("%p\n",(testB *)p_mul);

	return 0;
}

输出:
test->c : 1
test->d : 2

可以看到输出并不是 3,4

如果我们把 #include “mulclass.h” 注释去掉就可以看到正常输出了。

原因分析:
在进行多继承强转为父类时没有引入具体类型的头文件的话,编译的时候无法确定父类具体的偏移值