类指针的强制转换

动态转换 dynamic_cast

只能从上转换至下

eg：从父类指针转换成子类的指针 否则报错

class B
{
public:
       virtual void test()
       {
       }
       virtual ~B()
       {
       }
};
class D :public B
{
       int i;
public:
       D()
       {
             i =99;
       }
       void test()
       {
             printf("i =%d\n",i);
       }
};

int main()
{
       printf("1.create parent  2.create son \n");
       int choice;
       B* bp;
       cin >> choice;
       switch(choice)
       {
       case 1:
             bp =new B;
             break;
       case 2:
             bp =new D;
             break;
       }
       D*dp =dynamic_cast<D*>(bp);
       if(dp ==NULL)
       {
             //point to parent
             printf("transform fail!\n");
       }
       else
       {
             //point to son
             dp->test();
       }
       return 0;
}

静态转换 static_cast

可以从下至上 不会报错 但有访问不到子类的内容

class B
{
public:
       int i;
             B()
             {
                    i =99;
             }
};
class D :public B
{
public:
       int j;
       D()
       {
             j =98;
       }
};
int main()
{
       B*bp =new B;
       D*dp =static_cast<D*>(bp);
       printf("i =%d\n", dp->i);
       printf("j =%d\n", dp->j);
       return 0;
}

在多重继承的时候会产生地址偏移：

class B1
{
public:
       int i;
       B1()
       {
             i =99;
       }
};
class B2
{
public:
       int j;
       B2()
       {
             j =98;
       }
};
class D: public B1, public B2
{
public:
       int k;
       D()
       {
             k =97;
       }
};
int main()
{
       B1* bp1 =new B1;
       printf("%x...\n",bp1);
       B2* bp2 =new B2;
       printf("%x...\n",bp2);
       D*dp1 =static_cast<D*>(bp1);
       printf("%x...\n",dp1);
       D*dp2 =static_cast<D*>(bp2);
       printf("%x...\n",dp2);
       return 0;
}

运行结果：
255d010… //bp1 原始地址
255d030… // bp2 原始地址
255d010…// 强制转换后 第一个地址保持不变
255d02c…// 但出于第二继承的父类 指针进行偏移

const相关的强制转换

int main()
{
       int i =90;
       const int* p1 = &i;
       int *p2 =const_cast<int*>(p1);
       *p2 =100;
       printf("i =%d\n",i);
       return 0;
}