helm 实现高效复用

helm简介

Helm是一个kubernetes的包管理工具，好比CentOs下的yum或者Ubuntu下的apt-get，这两者都是Linux系统下的包管理工具。应用开发者可以管理应用包之间的依赖关系。用户可以进行查找、安装、升级、卸载等操作。

可以将Helm看作是yum/apt-get，可以将之间打包好的yaml文件部署到kubernetes上。

Helm特点：

• Helm：一个命令行客户端工具，主要用于kubernetes应用chart的创建、打包、发布、管理等操作。
• chart：应用描述，描述K8S资源相关文件的集合。
• Release：基于chart的部署实体，一个chart被Helm执行后会生成对应的一个Release；会在K8S中创建出真实运行的资源对象。

Helm版本区别

• v2版本包含Tiller，Tiller主要是对接K8S和Helm客户端。所有操作都要经过Tiller，需要授权Tiller访问K8S集群。
• v3版本删除Tiller，Helm可以直接访问K8S集群，由kubeconfig提供凭据。

Helm安装

[root@k8s-master ~]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@k8s-master helm]# tar -zxf helm-v3.2.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz

[root@k8s-master helm]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin/

Helm 使用

Helm 部署生命周期

• helm create 创建Chart
• helm install 安装部署
• helm upgrade 更新
• helm rollback 版本回滚
• helm uninstall 卸载

安装部署

# 创建nginx.chart的目录，然后生成如下目录结构
[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# tree .
.
├── Chart.yaml
├── templates
│   ├── _helpers.tpl
│   ├── nginx.yaml
│   ├── NOTES.txt
│   └── service-nginx.yaml
└── values.yaml

1 directory, 6 files

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# cat Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: nginx.chart
description: A Helm chart for Kubernetes

# A chart can be either an 'application' or a 'library' chart.
#
# Application charts are a collection of templates that can be packaged into versioned archives
# to be deployed.
#
# Library charts provide useful utilities or functions for the chart developer. They're included as
# a dependency of application charts to inject those utilities and functions into the rendering
# pipeline. Library charts do not define any templates and therefore cannot be deployed.
type: application

# This is the chart version. This version number should be incremented each time you make changes
# to the chart and its templates, including the app version.
# Versions are expected to follow Semantic Versioning (https://semver.org/)
version: 0.1.0                  # chart的版本号

# This is the version number of the application being deployed. This version number should be
# incremented each time you make changes to the application. Versions are not expected to
# follow Semantic Versioning. They should reflect the version the application is using.
# It is recommended to use it with quotes.
appVersion: 1.17.0            # chart里应用默认的版本

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# cat values.yaml #暂时为空，这是定义变量，在后面的文件进行引用

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# ls templates/	# 存放部署应用的yaml文件
_helpers.tpl  nginx.yaml  NOTES.txt  service-nginx.yaml

[root@k8s-master templates]# kubectl create deployment nginx-web --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > nginx.yaml	#生成deployment  yaml文件，配置如下
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-web
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-web
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-web
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx

[root@k8s-master templates]# kubectl create service nodeport nginx-web --tcp=80:80 --dry-run=client -o yaml > service-nginx.yaml	# 生成service yaml文件，配置如下
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx-web
  name: nginx-web
spec:
  ports:
  - name: 80-80
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx-web
  type: NodePort

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm install nginx .	#执行chart，安装nginx

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm list
NAME    NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART                   APP VERSION
nginx   default         1               2022-05-30 16:44:18.210480475 +0800 CST deployed        nginx.chart-0.1.0       1.17.0

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS             AGE
pod/nginx-web-5855c9859f-6r4k2                1/1     Running   0                    19m

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                      AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP                                      20d
service/nginx-web    NodePort    10.108.147.176   <none>        80:31641/TCP                                 19m

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# kubectl exec -it nginx-web-5855c9859f-6r4k2 -- bash

root@nginx-web-5855c9859f-6r4k2:/# echo "Hello" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

---

helm 实现高效复用

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# vim templates/nginx.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: {{ .Values.name }}
spec:
  replicas: {{ .Values.replicas }}
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      project: {{ .Values.labels.project }}
      app : {{ .Values.labels.app }}
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        project: {{ .Values.labels.project }}
        app : {{ .Values.labels.app }}
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: {{ .Values.image.warehouse }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}
        name: nginx

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# vim templates/service-nginx.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: {{ .Values.name }}
spec:
  ports:
  - name: 80-80
    port: {{ .Values.service.port }}
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: {{ .Values.service.targetPort }}
  selector:
    project: {{ .Values.labels.project }}
    app: {{ .Values.labels.app }}
  type: NodePort

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# vim values.yaml 
# 定义变量
name: nginx
replicas: 1
labels:
  project: kangjia
  app: nginx
image:
  warehouse: nginx
  tag: "latest"

service:
  port: 80
  targetPort: 80
  type: ClusterIP

配置helm复用的有两种方式

利用set进行传参

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm install tomcat . --description="tomcat:9.0.63" --set name=tomcat --set replicas=1 --set labels.app=tomcat --set image.warehouse=tomcat --set image.tag=9.0.63 --set service.targetPort=8080 --set service.type=NodePort	
# 用set进行传参，实现helm复用,description是添加自定义信息，方便后期版本维护或回滚

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm install tomcat . --description="tomcat:9.0.63" --set name=tomcat --set replicas=1 --set labels.app=tomcat --set image.warehouse=tomcat --set image.tag=9.0.63 --set service.targetPort=8080 --set service.type=NodePort --dry-run		
#查看渲染情况
NAME: tomcat
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon May 30 18:14:25 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: pending-install
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
HOOKS:
MANIFEST:
---
# Source: nginx.chart/templates/service-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat
spec:
  ports:
  - name: 80-80
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    project: kangjia
    app: tomcat
  type: NodePort
---
# Source: nginx.chart/templates/nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tomcat
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      project: kangjia
      app : tomcat
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        project: kangjia
        app : tomcat
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: tomcat:9.0.63
        name: tomcat

NOTES:
欢迎使用nginx应用部署模板

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS             AGE
pod/tomcat-5fb8c9b7fc-b57nv                   1/1     Running   0                    5m58s
pod/tomcat-5fb8c9b7fc-dksnv                   1/1     Running   0                    5m58s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                      AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP                                      20d
service/tomcat       NodePort    10.103.195.168   <none>        80:31257/TCP                                 5m59s

指定yaml文件去传参

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# cp values.yaml afferent.yaml

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# vim afferent.yaml 
# 定义变量
name: redis
replicas: 3
labels:
  project: rongyao
  app: redis
image:
  warehouse: redis
  tag: "latest"


service:
  port: 6666
  targetPort: 6379
  type: NodePort

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm install redis . -f afferent.yaml 
NAME: redis
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon May 30 18:25:09 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
欢迎使用nginx应用部署模板

[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# helm install redis . -f afferent.yaml --dry-run
NAME: redis
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon May 30 18:25:17 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: pending-install
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
HOOKS:
MANIFEST:
---
# Source: nginx.chart/templates/service-nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  ports:
  - name: 80-80
    port: 6666
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 6379
  selector:
    project: rongyao
    app: redis
  type: NodePort
---
# Source: nginx.chart/templates/nginx.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      project: rongyao
      app : redis
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        project: rongyao
        app : redis
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: redis:latest
        name: redis

NOTES:
欢迎使用nginx应用部署模板
[root@k8s-master nginx.chart]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS             AGE
pod/redis-5d7dbddbfd-fqk8c                    1/1     Running   0                    2m40s
pod/redis-5d7dbddbfd-wfwzs                    1/1     Running   0                    2m40s
pod/redis-5d7dbddbfd-wwjww                    1/1     Running   0                    2m40s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                      AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP                                      20d
service/redis        NodePort    10.104.73.97     <none>        6666:30353/TCP                               2m40s