Python读写xml文件

问题背景：

用Python写读写xml文件的代码，目的是修改第一个book节点中price节点的值并保存。xml举例如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8">
<library>
    <book1>
        <name>book1</name>
        <price>1</price>
        <author>book1.author</author>
    </book1>
    <book2>
        <name>book2</name>
        <price>2</price>
        <author>book2.author</author>
    </book2>
    <book3>
        <name>book3</name>
        <price>3</price>
        <author>book3.author</author>
    </book3>
</library>

---

问题描述

用Python写的读写xml文件的代码如下所示，

import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

file_path=r'test.xml'

tree=ET.ElementTree(file=file_path)
sub=tree.find('library').find('book1').find('price')
prices=[2, 3, 4, 5]
for price in prices:
    sub.test=str(price)
    tree.write(file_path, encoding="utf-8")

能正常的循环修改price的值，但是会删掉xml里的第一行声明，运行完代码后xml如下所示

<library>
    <book1>
        <name>book1</name>
        <price>5</price>
        <author>book1.author</author>
    </book1>
    <book2>
        <name>book2</name>
        <price>2</price>
        <author>book2.author</author>
    </book2>
    <book3>
        <name>book3</name>
        <price>3</price>
        <author>book3.author</author>
    </book3>
</library>

原因分析：

在tree.write中加入xml_declaration=True即可，因为默认是False的。

---

解决方案：

修改后的代码如下所示

import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

file_path=r'test.xml'

tree=ET.ElementTree(file=file_path)
sub=tree.find('library').find('book1').find('price')
prices=[2, 3, 4, 5]
for price in prices:
    sub.test=str(price)
    tree.write(file_path, encoding="utf-8"， xml_declaration=True)