在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,其中一个学校有多个学院,一个学院有多个系
1.传统方式
将学院看做是学校的子类,系是学院的子类。假设需要采用不同方式存储元素(比如数组或者Java的集合类),当客户端要遍历这些集合元素的时就要使用多种遍历方式,而且还会暴露元素的内部结构
2.迭代器模式
2.1 基本介绍
-
属于行为型模式
-
提供一种遍历集合元素的统一接口,用一致的方法遍历集合元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示
Iterator
:迭代器接口,由系统提供,包含hasNext, next, remove三种方法ConcreteIterator
:具体的迭代器类,管理迭代Aggregate
:统一的聚合接口, 将客户端和具体聚合解耦ConcreteAggregate
:用于聚合集合/数组中的具体对象,并提供方法返回一个迭代器(由于遍历集合)
2.2 代码实现
// 系
public class Department {
private String name;
private String desc;
public Department(String name, String desc) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
// ConcreteIterator
public class ComputerCollegeIterator implements Iterator {
Department[] departments; // 以数组方式存放当前学院下的系
int position = 0; // 遍历的位置
public ComputerCollegeIterator(Department[] departments) {
this.departments = departments;
}
// 判断是否还有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(position >= departments.length || departments[position] == null) {
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Department department = departments[position];
position += 1;
return department;
}
// 删除元素,默认空实现
public void remove() {
}
}
// Aggregate
public interface College {
public String getName();
// 增加系的方法
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc);
// 返回一个迭代器
public Iterator createIterator();
}
// ConcreteIterator
public class InfoColleageIterator implements Iterator {
List<Department> departmentList; // 当前学院是以List方式存放系
int index = -1; // 索引
public InfoColleageIterator(List<Department> departmentList) {
this.departmentList = departmentList;
}
// 判断list中还有没有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(index >= departmentList.size() - 1) {
return false;
} else {
index += 1;
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
return departmentList.get(index);
}
// 空实现remove
public void remove() {
}
}
// ConcreteAggregate
public class ComputerCollege implements College {
Department[] departments;
int numOfDepartment = 0 ; // 保存当前数组的对象个数
public ComputerCollege() {
departments = new Department[5];
addDepartment("Java专业", " Java专业 ");
addDepartment("PHP专业", " PHP专业 ");
addDepartment("大数据专业", " 大数据专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "计算机学院";
}
@Override
// 数组的方式添加
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departments[numOfDepartment] = department;
numOfDepartment += 1;
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
return new ComputerCollegeIterator(departments);
}
}
// ConcreteAggregate
public class InfoCollege implements College {
List<Department> departmentList;
public InfoCollege() {
departmentList = new ArrayList<Department>();
addDepartment("信息安全专业", " 信息安全专业 ");
addDepartment("网络安全专业", " 网络安全专业 ");
addDepartment("服务器安全专业", " 服务器安全专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "信息工程学院";
}
@Override
// list的方式添加
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departmentList.add(department);
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
return new InfoColleageIterator(departmentList);
}
}
// 用于输出学院和系
public class OutPutImpl {
// 学院集合
List<College> collegeList;
public OutPutImpl(List<College> collegeList) {
this.collegeList = collegeList;
}
// 遍历所有学院,然后调用printDepartment输出各个学院的系
public void printCollege() {
// 从collegeList取出所有学院
Iterator<College> iterator = collegeList.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
// 输出学院以及下面的系
College college = iterator.next();
System.out.println("=== "+college.getName() +"=====" );
printDepartment(college.createIterator()); // 到对应迭代器
}
}
// 输出学院下面的系
public void printDepartment(Iterator iterator) {
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Department d = (Department)iterator.next();
System.out.println(d.getName());
}
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建学院
List<College> collegeList = new ArrayList<>();
ComputerCollege computerCollege = new ComputerCollege();
InfoCollege infoCollege = new InfoCollege();
collegeList.add(computerCollege);
//collegeList.add(infoCollege);
OutPutImpl outPutImpl = new OutPutImpl(collegeList);
outPutImpl.printCollege();
}
}
3.注意事项和细节
- 提供一个统一的方法遍历对象
- 隐藏了聚合的内部结构(客户端要遍历聚合的时候只能取到迭代器,不会知道聚合的具体组成)
- 每个聚合对象都要一个迭代器,会生成多个迭代器
- 当要展示一组相似对象或遍历一组相同对象时使用迭代器模式
参考
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G4411c7N4?p=111-116