《软件工程师》专业英语题目及答案解析

单选题：

第十一题：

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as( ). Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration(请作答此空). Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled,( )distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on( )"somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user's browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to with stand failures of( )elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What's more, clouds expand the types of resources available——file storage, databases, and Web services——and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A. computers

B. disks

C. machines

D. tools

正确答案：D

答案解析： 云计算主要是将资源看作云服务，包括应用程序、计算能力、存储容量、网络、编程工具，以及通信和协作工具。云计算最初由一些大的Internet服务提供商构建的基础设施而起步，其架构呈现出大规模、水平分布式系统资源、抽象的盯服务、管理持续配置、资源池等特性，数据大多存储于Internet上的某个地方的服务器上，应用程序运行于云服务器和用户浏览器中。 云和网格都针对有效的水平可扩展性，避免节点的单点失效对系统的影响，都按使用付费。它们的区别是网格通常是处理一批有明确定义起点和终点的作业，而云服务是可以连续不断的。另外，云扩展了资源的类型，包括文件存储、数据库和Web服务等，也将适用性扩展到Web和企业应用。 

第十二题：

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as( ). Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration( ). Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled,(请作答此空)distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on( )"somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user's browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to with stand failures of( )elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What's more, clouds expand the types of resources available——file storage, databases, and Web services——and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A. gorizontally

B. vertically

C. inclined

D. decreasingly

正确答案：A

答案解析： 云计算主要是将资源看作云服务，包括应用程序、计算能力、存储容量、网络、编程工具，以及通信和协作工具。云计算最初由一些大的Internet服务提供商构建的基础设施而起步，其架构呈现出大规模、水平分布式系统资源、抽象的盯服务、管理持续配置、资源池等特性，数据大多存储于Internet上的某个地方的服务器上，应用程序运行于云服务器和用户浏览器中。 云和网格都针对有效的水平可扩展性，避免节点的单点失效对系统的影响，都按使用付费。它们的区别是网格通常是处理一批有明确定义起点和终点的作业，而云服务是可以连续不断的。另外，云扩展了资源的类型，包括文件存储、数据库和Web服务等，也将适用性扩展到Web和企业应用。 

第十三题：

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as( ). Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration( ). Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled,( )distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on(请作答此空)"somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user's browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to with stand failures of( )elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What's more, clouds expand the types of resources available——file storage, databases, and Web services——and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A. clients

B. middleware

C. servers

D. hard disks

正确答案：C

答案解析： 云计算主要是将资源看作云服务，包括应用程序、计算能力、存储容量、网络、编程工具，以及通信和协作工具。云计算最初由一些大的Internet服务提供商构建的基础设施而起步，其架构呈现出大规模、水平分布式系统资源、抽象的盯服务、管理持续配置、资源池等特性，数据大多存储于Internet上的某个地方的服务器上，应用程序运行于云服务器和用户浏览器中。 云和网格都针对有效的水平可扩展性，避免节点的单点失效对系统的影响，都按使用付费。它们的区别是网格通常是处理一批有明确定义起点和终点的作业，而云服务是可以连续不断的。另外，云扩展了资源的类型，包括文件存储、数据库和Web服务等，也将适用性扩展到Web和企业应用。 

第十四题：

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as( ). Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration( ). Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled,( )distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on( )"somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user's browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to with stand failures of(请作答此空)elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What's more, clouds expand the types of resources available——file storage, databases, and Web services——and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A. entire

B. individual

C. general

D. separate

正确答案：B

答案解析： 云计算主要是将资源看作云服务，包括应用程序、计算能力、存储容量、网络、编程工具，以及通信和协作工具。云计算最初由一些大的Internet服务提供商构建的基础设施而起步，其架构呈现出大规模、水平分布式系统资源、抽象的盯服务、管理持续配置、资源池等特性，数据大多存储于Internet上的某个地方的服务器上，应用程序运行于云服务器和用户浏览器中。 云和网格都针对有效的水平可扩展性，避免节点的单点失效对系统的影响，都按使用付费。它们的区别是网格通常是处理一批有明确定义起点和终点的作业，而云服务是可以连续不断的。另外，云扩展了资源的类型，包括文件存储、数据库和Web服务等，也将适用性扩展到Web和企业应用。 

第十五题：

Software（ ）refers to that the software to meet the specification must be produced.

A. test

B. support

C. development

D. process

正确答案：C

答案解析：软件开发指的是生产出满足规格说明书要求的软件。

第十六题：

C++ fully supports（ ）programming， including the four properties: encapsulation， data hiding， inheritance， and polymorphism.

A. computer-oriented

B. procedure-oriented

C. object-oriented

D. aspect-oriented

正确答案：C

答案解析：C++完全支持面向对象程序设计，包括以下4种属性：封装，数据隐藏，继承，多态。

第十七题：

TCP/IP（ ）are the standards around which the Internet was developed.

A. protocols

B. agreements

C. conventions

D. coordination

正确答案：A

答案解析：TCP/IP协议是互联网开发所基于的标准。

第十八题：

The data（ ）includes the function of updating data on a database， and retrieving data from a database.

A. management

B. storage

C. analysis

D. communication

正确答案：A

答案解析：数据管理包括更新数据库中的数据，从数据库中检索数据等功能。

第十九题：

（ ）has become a fact of modern life， with millions of people now shopping on-line.

A. E-mail

B. E-commerce

C. E-learning

D. E-communication

正确答案：B

答案解析：电子商务已经成为现代生活中的显示，现在已有数百万人在线购物。

第二十题：

（请回答此空)data effectively is crucial for success in today's competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the () in hardware and software.()integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. () integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.() provides an overview of the program written in "plain" English, without the computer syntax.

A. Generalizing

B. Sharing

C. General-using

D. Globalizing

正确答案：B

答案解析：在当今的竞争环境下，要想取得成功，有效地共享数据是十分重要的。管理人员必须知道如何使用一系列不同的工具。数据集成使来自不同数据源的数据以一种有效和有用的方式组合在一起。这种集成面临的一个困难就是软硬件的多样性问题。静态集成使用一个包含其他主题的基础文档，动态集成使用它所包含的源文档的当前或最近的版本。伪代码通过使用简单易懂的，不带有计算机语法的英语，为程序提供了一个概貌。