读书笔记-ListView与RecyclerView的使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-11 13:58:22 发布

jvkal

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-11 13:58:22 发布

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分类专栏：移动端开发自己的划水笔记文章标签： java 列表 android 移动开发安卓

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读书笔记-ListView与RecyclerView的使用

Android中使用非常广泛的控件就是ListView与RecyclerView,这也是学习安卓必知必会的知识点，之前学习的Android第一行代码书时候刚好敲过这个案例，所以本文就使用这两个案例进行实验来说明使用方式。

当时书上是说ListView由于强大的功能，在过去的Android开发中贡献卓越，现在还有很多人使用，不过缺点就是如果不使用一些技巧来对其效率进行提升，那么他的性能就会比较差，而且ListView的扩展性也不够好，只能实现数据的纵向滚动，如果想要使用横向滚动就只能依靠与RecycleView来进行实现了。

本次实验我将会使用ListVIew来显示一个正常的列表，然后使用RecyclerView来显示一个横向布局以及一个瀑布布局。

1. ListView的使用：

ListView的默认界面是显示文本，这是十分单调的，所以我们首先需要对ListVIew的界面进行定制：

我们知道我们显示出来东西到xml对应的界面是需要java中给值映射的，所以我们首先定义一个实体类FruitVIew,这里面的id是用来显示图片的(使用将图片直接放到drawable中),name是用来显示水果名称的：

Fruit.java：

package com.ncu.side_menu;

//水果类
public class Fruit {

    private String name;

    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }

}

接下来我们需要为ListView子项定义一个布局,在layout目录下新建一个fruit_item.xml:

fruit_item.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <!--其实这里不是纯正的ListView，而是自己的动态效果来替换ListView-->
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>

在activity_main.xml中我们需要调用一下我们自定义的样式:

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    </ListView>

</LinearLayout>

我们知道如果要显示出来必须要一个适配器,如果不是自定义而是原始的listview样式就可以直接使用ArrayAdapter来进行适配,但是由于我们是自定义的一个样式,所以必须要写一个自己的适配器,这个适配器继承于ArrayAdapter,并且将泛型指定为Fruit类,新建FruitAdapter.java:
我们同时在这里对ListView控件进行优化,我们知道如果每次都将布局重新加载一遍,当listview快速滑动时就会成为性能瓶颈,所以我们利用listview中的convertView参数,这是一个将之前的加载好的布局进行缓存的参数.
但是这还是可以继续优化的,我们可以增加一个内部类ViewHolder,对于空间的实例都进行缓存,当convertView为空是我们创建一个ViewHolder将控件实例纯放在其中,这样就不用每次都使用findViewById来获取控件实例了.
如此以来我们就已经将ListVIew的性能优化的不错了.

优化后的FruitAdapter.java:

package com.ncu.side_menu;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId,
                        List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder {

        ImageView fruitImage;

        TextView fruitName;

    }

}

最后我们写MainActivity.java,其中的initFruit()方法是加载水果数据,然后创建了一个FruitAdapter适配器传递给ListVIew.
我们可以设置一下列表项的点击事件,使用ListVIew提供的setOnItemClickListener()监听器来监听:

MainActivity.java:

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);

        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);//设置显示

        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                                    int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }

}

这样我们的第一个项目ListView就大功告成了我们可以显示看一下效果:

                            ![image.png](https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4ubmxhcmsuY29tL3l1cXVlLzAvMjAyMC9wbmcvNDg5NjIyLzE1ODU4NDA5OTMwODEtNDExODU5ZmQtM2U2MC00OWUwLWI2MTItYWUyZGJkZmIzMTljLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png#align=left&display=inline&height=518&name=image.png&originHeight=1008&originWidth=603&size=131597&status=done&style=none&width=310)

2. RecyclerView的使用:

2.1 RecycleView横向布局显示方式:

我们在ListView的代码上进行一些改动.

首先我们保留ListView中定义的Fruit水果实体类.
然后我们需要导入recycleview需要导入的依赖:

app文件中的build.gradl:

//noinspection GradleCompatible
    implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0'

由于我们希望横向布局显示,所以采用上面图片下面文字的自定义格式来进行显示:

修改fruit_item.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <!--其实这里不是纯正的ListView，而是自己的动态效果来替换ListView-->

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="155dp"
        android:layout_height="151dp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="155dp"
        android:layout_height="115dp" />

</LinearLayout>

然后要在调用的xml类中将原来的ListView标签进行修改:

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

首先我们对ViewHolder进行修改,使他继承于RecyclerVIew.ViewHolder,然后在这个类的构造函数中传入一个View参数,这个是RecycleView子项的最外层布局,这样就可以通过findViewById()方法来访问到布局中的图像以及文本实例.
FruitAdapter类中的构造函数将需要显示的数据传递进来,并且不止给mFruitList,然后操作就在这个上面进行.
FruitAdapter继承于RecyclerView.Adapter,所以必须要重写三个方法:

onCreateViewHolder()函数用来创建ViewHolder实例的.
onCreateViewHolder()函数用来给RecycleView子项进行数据赋值的
getItem返回有多少项的.

FruitAdapter.java:

package com.ncu.recyclerview;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>{

    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;

    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
        View fruitView;
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;

        public ViewHolder(View view) {
            super(view);
            fruitView = view;
            fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }

    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
        mFruitList = fruitList;
    }

    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
        final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked view " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked image " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        holder.fruitName.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
                Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "you clicked name " + fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return mFruitList.size();
    }

}

还剩最后一步就是完成MainActivity,与ListView不同的是RecycleView可以通过布局管理器LinearLayoutManager来控制我们的滑动方向,首先创建一个LinearLayoutManager对象,然后设置我们需要布局的方向,最后让我们的列表调用setLayoutMany传入参数:recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);

MainActivity.java:

package com.ncu.recyclerview;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.HORIZONTAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Apple"), R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Banana"), R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Orange"), R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Watermelon"), R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pear"), R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Grape"), R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pineapple"), R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Strawberry"), R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Cherry"), R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Mango"), R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }

    private String getRandomLengthName(String name) {
        Random random = new Random();
        int length = random.nextInt(20) + 1;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            builder.append(name);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

}

这样就大功告成了,我们看一下显示的效果:

                                                ![image.png](https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4ubmxhcmsuY29tL3l1cXVlLzAvMjAyMC9wbmcvNDg5NjIyLzE1ODU4OTE3ODM3MjgtZTAzYmM2NjAtNjYxOC00NzdkLTg0NjgtMzk4YmQxZmU2MWQ2LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png#align=left&display=inline&height=472&name=image.png&originHeight=673&originWidth=379&size=69298&status=done&style=none&width=266)

2.2 RecycleView瀑布布局显示方式:

说是瀑布布局,其实是通过布局管理器_StaggeredGridLayoutManag_er进行管理,本质类似于GridVIew的布局风格,加上文字内容多少不一使得显示的有层次感觉.

首先我们需要设定列表中文字的高度随着大小:

fruite_item.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <!--其实这里不是纯正的ListView，而是自己的动态效果来替换ListView-->

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="154dp"
        android:layout_height="150dp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="154dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

然后我们在MainActivity中换一种布局管理器StaggeredGridLayoutManager来管理.
设置滑动方向向下,并且一行只能有三个:

MainActivity.java:

package com.ncu.recyclerview;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
            StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new
                StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        /*
        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        linearLayoutManager.setOrientation(RecyclerView.HORIZONTAL);
        */
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Apple"), R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Banana"), R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Orange"), R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Watermelon"), R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pear"), R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Grape"), R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pineapple"), R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Strawberry"), R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Cherry"), R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Mango"), R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }

    private String getRandomLengthName(String name) {
        Random random = new Random();
        int length = random.nextInt(20) + 1;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            builder.append(name);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

}

我们看一下显示出来的效果:

                                                        ![image.png](https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9jZG4ubmxhcmsuY29tL3l1cXVlLzAvMjAyMC9wbmcvNDg5NjIyLzE1ODU4OTQ4NzEwNjQtOWFlZmM1ZjctOTZjMi00OWE0LTgyOTYtMTBiOWUyMzE1MTZkLnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png#align=left&display=inline&height=410&name=image.png&originHeight=675&originWidth=379&size=192040&status=done&style=none&width=230)

以上就是本周的学习报告.

jvkal

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读书笔记-ListView与RecyclerView的使用

读书笔记-ListView与RecyclerView的使用Android中使用非常广泛的控件就是ListView与RecyclerView,这也是学习安卓必知必会的知识点，之前学习的Android第一行代码书时候刚好敲过这个案例，所以本文就使用这两个案例进行实验来说明使用方式。当时书上是说ListView由于强大的功能，在过去的Android开发中贡献卓越，现在还有很多人使用，不...
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