1.HttpServletRequest概述
我们在创建Servlet时会覆盖service()方法,或doGet()/doPost(),这些方法都有两个参数,一个为代表请求的request和代表响应response。
service方法中的request的类型是ServletRequest,而doGet/doPost方法的request的类型是HttpServletRequest,HttpServletRequest是ServletRequest的子接口,功能和方法更加强大
2.request的运行流程
3.通过抓包工具抓取Http请求
因为request代表请求,所以我们可以通过该对象分别获得Http请求的请求行,请求头和请求体。
4.通过request获得请求行
获得客户端的请求方式:String getMethod()
获得请求的资源:
String getRequestURI()
StringBuffer getRequestURL()
String getContextPath() —web应用的名称
String getQueryString() ---- get提交url地址后的参数字符串
username=zhangsan&password=123
注意:request获得客户机(客户端)的一些信息
request.getRemoteAddr() — 获得访问的客户端IP地址
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LineServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println("method:"+method);
//2、获得请求的资源相关的内容
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println("uri:"+requestURI);
System.out.println("url:"+requestURL);
//获得web应用的名称
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println("web应用:"+contextPath);
//地址后的参数的字符串
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(queryString);
//3、获得客户机的信息---获得访问者IP地址
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println("IP:"+remoteAddr);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
5.通过request获得请求头
long getDateHeader(String name)
String getHeader(String name)
Enumeration getHeaderNames()
Enumeration getHeaders(String name)
int getIntHeader(String name)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HeaderServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获得指定的头
String header = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
System.out.println(header);
//2、获得所有的头的名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
String headerValue = request.getHeader(headerName);
System.out.println(headerName+":"+headerValue);
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
referer头的作用:执行该此访问的的来源
做防盗链
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RefererServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//对该新闻的来源的进行判断
String header = request.getHeader("referer");
if(header!=null&&header.startsWith("http://localhost")){
//是从我自己的网站跳转过来的 可以看新闻
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().write("中国确实已经拿到100块金牌....");
}else{
response.getWriter().write("你是盗链者,可耻!!");
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
6.通过request获得请求体
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/WEB15/referer">访问headerServlet资源</a>
<form action="/WEB15/line" method="get">
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交"><br>
</form>
<hr/>
<form action="/WEB15/content" method="post">
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="zq">足球
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="pq">排球
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="ppq">乒乓球<br>
<input type="submit" value="提交"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
请求体中的内容是通过post提交的请求参数,格式是:
username=zhangsan&password=123&hobby=football&hobby=basketball
以上面参数为例,通过一下方法获得请求参数:
String getParameter(String name)
String[] getParameterValues(String name)
Enumeration getParameterNames()
Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ContentServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1、获得单个表单值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(password);
//2、获得多个表单的值
String[] hobbys = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for(String hobby:hobbys){
System.out.println(hobby);
}
//3、获得所有的请求参数的名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
System.out.println(parameterNames.nextElement());
}
System.out.println("------------------");
//4、获得所有的参数 参数封装到一个Map<String,String[]>
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
for(Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry:parameterMap.entrySet()){
System.out.println(entry.getKey());
for(String str:entry.getValue()){
System.out.println(str);
}
System.out.println("---------------------------");
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
key ---------------------- value
username [zhangsan]
password [123]
hobby [football,basketball]
注意:get请求方式的请求参数通过上述的方法一样可以获得
解决post提交方式的乱码:request.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);
解决get提交的方式的乱码:
parameter = new String(parameter.getbytes(“iso8859-1”),“utf-8”);
7.request的其他功能
(1)request是一个域对象
request对象也是一个存储数据的区域对象,所以也具有如下方法:
setAttribute(String name, Object o)
getAttribute(String name)
removeAttribute(String name)
注意:request域的作用范围:一次请求中
(2)request完成请求转发
获得请求转发器----path是转发的地址
RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
通过转发器对象转发
requestDispathcer.forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//向request域中存储数据
request.setAttribute("name", "tom");
//servlet1 将请求转发给servlet2
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2");
//执行转发的方法
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//从request域中取出数据
Object attribute = request.getAttribute("name");
response.getWriter().write("hello haohao..."+attribute);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
注意:ServletContext域与Request域的生命周期比较?
ServletContext:
创建:服务器启动
销毁:服务器关闭
域的作用范围:整个web应用
request:
创建:访问时创建request
销毁:响应结束request销毁
域的作用范围:一次请求中
注意:转发与重定向的区别?
1)重定向两次请求,转发一次请求
2)重定向地址栏的地址变化,转发地址不变
3)重新定向可以访问外部网站 转发只能访问内部资源
4)转发的性能要优于重定向
注意:客户端地址与服务器端地址的写法?
客户端地址:
是客户端去访问服务器的地址,服务器外部的地址,特点:写上web应用名称
直接输入地址:重定向
服务器端地址:
服务器内部资源的跳转的地址,特点:不需要写web应用的名称