@Target用来表示注解作用范围,超过这个作用范围,编译的时候就会报错。
java.lang.annotation.ElementType
Target通过ElementType来指定注解可使用范围的枚举集合,枚举集合如下
//
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//
package io.swagger.annotations;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ApiOperation {
String value();
String notes() default "";
String[] tags() default {""};
Class<?> response() default Void.class;
String responseContainer() default "";
String responseReference() default "";
String httpMethod() default "";
/** @deprecated */
@Deprecated
int position() default 0;
String nickname() default "";
String produces() default "";
String consumes() default "";
String protocols() default "";
Authorization[] authorizations() default {@Authorization("")};
boolean hidden() default false;
ResponseHeader[] responseHeaders() default {@ResponseHeader(
name = "",
response = Void.class
)};
int code() default 200;
Extension[] extensions() default {@Extension(
properties = {@ExtensionProperty(
name = "",
value = ""
)}
)};
boolean ignoreJsonView() default false;
}
package java.lang.annotation;
/**
* The constants of this enumerated type provide a simple classification of the
* syntactic locations where annotations may appear in a Java program. These
* constants are used in {@link Target java.lang.annotation.Target}
* meta-annotations to specify where it is legal to write annotations of a
* given type.
*
* <p>The syntactic locations where annotations may appear are split into
* <em>declaration contexts</em> , where annotations apply to declarations, and
* <em>type contexts</em> , where annotations apply to types used in
* declarations and expressions.
*
* <p>The constants {@link #ANNOTATION_TYPE} , {@link #CONSTRUCTOR} , {@link
* #FIELD} , {@link #LOCAL_VARIABLE} , {@link #METHOD} , {@link #PACKAGE} ,
* {@link #PARAMETER} , {@link #TYPE} , and {@link #TYPE_PARAMETER} correspond
* to the declaration contexts in JLS 9.6.4.1.
*
* <p>For example, an annotation whose type is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.FIELD)} may only be written as a modifier for a
* field declaration.
*
* <p>The constant {@link #TYPE_USE} corresponds to the 15 type contexts in JLS
* 4.11, as well as to two declaration contexts: type declarations (including
* annotation type declarations) and type parameter declarations.
*
* <p>For example, an annotation whose type is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)} may be written on the type of a field
* (or within the type of the field, if it is a nested, parameterized, or array
* type), and may also appear as a modifier for, say, a class declaration.
*
* <p>The {@code TYPE_USE} constant includes type declarations and type
* parameter declarations as a convenience for designers of type checkers which
* give semantics to annotation types. For example, if the annotation type
* {@code NonNull} is meta-annotated with
* {@code @Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)}, then {@code @NonNull}
* {@code class C {...}} could be treated by a type checker as indicating that
* all variables of class {@code C} are non-null, while still allowing
* variables of other classes to be non-null or not non-null based on whether
* {@code @NonNull} appears at the variable's declaration.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
* @jls 9.6.4.1 @Target
* @jls 4.1 The Kinds of Types and Values
*/
public enum ElementType {
/** Class, interface (including annotation type), or enum declaration */
TYPE,
/** Field declaration (includes enum constants) */
FIELD,
/** Method declaration */
METHOD,
/** Formal parameter declaration */
PARAMETER,
/** Constructor declaration */
CONSTRUCTOR,
/** Local variable declaration */
LOCAL_VARIABLE,
/** Annotation type declaration */
ANNOTATION_TYPE,
/** Package declaration */
PACKAGE,
/**
* Type parameter declaration
*
* @since 1.8
*/
TYPE_PARAMETER,
/**
* Use of a type
*
* @since 1.8
*/
TYPE_USE
}
ElementType:
取值 | 注解使用范围 |
---|---|
TYPE | 可用于类或者接口上 |
FIELD | 可用于域上 |
METHOD | 可用于方法上 |
PARAMETER | 可用于参数上 |
CONSTRUCTOR | 可用于构造方法上 |
LOCAL_VARIABLE | 可用于局部变量上 |
ANNOTATION_TYPE | 可用于注解类型上(被interface修饰的类型) |
PACKAGE | 用于记录java文件的package信息 |
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Retention定义了该Annotation被保留的时间长短
@Retenrion通过RetebtionPolicy表示需要在什么级别保存该注释信息,用于描述注解的生命周期(即:被描述的注解在什么范围内有效
RetentionPoicy取值有:
package java.lang.annotation;
/**
* Annotation retention policy. The constants of this enumerated type
* describe the various policies for retaining annotations. They are used
* in conjunction with the {@link Retention} meta-annotation type to specify
* how long annotations are to be retained.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
*/
public enum RetentionPolicy {
/**
* Annotations are to be discarded by the compiler.
*/
SOURCE,
/**
* Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler
* but need not be retained by the VM at run time. This is the default
* behavior.
*/
CLASS,
/**
* Annotations are to be recorded in the class file by the compiler and
* retained by the VM at run time, so they may be read reflectively.
*
* @see java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement
*/
RUNTIME
}
取值 | 有效范围 |
---|---|
SOURCE | 在源文件中有效(即源文件保留) |
CLASS | 在class文件中有效(即class保留) |
RUNTIMR | 在运行时有效(即运行时保留) |
1、RetentionPolicy.SOURCE:注解只保留在源文件,当Java文件编译成class文件的时候,注解被遗弃;
2、RetentionPolicy.CLASS:注解被保留到class文件,但jvm加载class文件时候被遗弃,这是默认的生命周期;
3、RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME:注解不仅被保存到class文件中,jvm加载class文件之后,仍然存在;
这3个生命周期分别对应于:Java源文件(.java文件) —> .class文件 —> 内存中的字节码。
那怎么来选择合适的注解生命周期呢?
首先要明确生命周期长度 SOURCE < CLASS < RUNTIME ,所以前者能作用的地方后者一定也能作用。一般如果需要在运行时去动态获取注解信息,那只能用 RUNTIME 注解;如果要在编译时进行一些预处理操作,比如生成一些辅助代码(如 ButterKnife),就用 CLASS注解;如果只是做一些检查性的操作,比如 @Override 和 @SuppressWarnings,则可选用 SOURCE 注解。
@Documented
Documented注解表明这个注释是由 javadoc记录的,在默认情况下也有类似的记录工具。 如果一个类型声明被注释了文档化,它的注释成为公共API的一部分
package java.lang.annotation;
/**
* Indicates that annotations with a type are to be documented by javadoc
* and similar tools by default. This type should be used to annotate the
* declarations of types whose annotations affect the use of annotated
* elements by their clients. If a type declaration is annotated with
* Documented, its annotations become part of the public API
* of the annotated elements.
*
* @author Joshua Bloch
* @since 1.5
*/
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Documented {
}
@Component泛指组件,当组件不好归类的时候,我们可以使用这个注解进行标注
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
package org.springframework.stereotype;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Indexed
public @interface Component {
String value() default "";
}