必不可少!STL源码目录结构分析,附加源码下载链接

一、STL源码的下载

下载地址1

  • 3种下载方式:
  • 这个网址中的源码为SGL STL版本,侯捷老先生的《STL源码剖析》书中使用的就是这个版本的源码(由于更新迭代,这些源码已经旧了,其中有些技术已经被新技术替代)。
  • 备注:本人博客就是以这个版本的STL来解析进行讲解的。

下载地址2

  • https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc
  • 这个地址下载的为gcc源码,下载之后其中libstdc++-v3目录下是C++的源码,可以在其中找到STL的源码,但是与SGL STL源码不一致。

二、STL的头文件

  • STL的源码都存在于C++的头文件中,C++标准规定,所有头文件都不再有扩展名。
  • 但是为了向下兼容,或是为了内部组织规划:
    • 某些STL版本同时存在具扩展名和无扩展名的两份文件,例如Visual C++的Dinkumware版本同时具备<vector.h>和<vector>。
    • 某些STL版本只存在具扩展名的头文件,例如C++Builder的RaugeWave版本只有<vector.h>。
    • 某些STL版本不仅有一线装配,还有二线装配,例如GNU C++的SGI版本不但有一线的<vector.h>和<vector>,还有二线的<stl_vector.h>。

三、STL文件的分布

  • SGL STL的文件类型大致可以分为以下3组:
    • STL标准头文件(无扩展名):我们在应用层编码时就是调用这些头文件的。例如vector、deque、list、map、algorithm、functional......
    • C++ Standard定案前,HP所规范的STL头文件:与上面的STL标准头文件是一样的,也是在编码中可以调用的,不过是已过时的头文件,现在不再使用了。例如vector.h、deque.h、list.h、map.h、algo.h、function.h......
    • SGI STL内部文件(STL真正实作于此):STL的真正实现是在这些头文件中,上面的STL标准头文件和C++ Standard定案前的STL头文件中都是调用这些头文件的。例如 stl_vector.h、stl_deque.h、stl_list.h、stl_map.h、stl_algo.h、stl_function.h......
  • 例如下面就是vector源码的相关源文件:
    • vector:应用层编码时就是调用这个头文件,这个头文件在内部是调用的stl_vector.h。
    • vector.h:与vector一样,不过是已过时的,这个头文件在内部也是调用的stl_vector.h。
    • stl_vector.h:vector的实现源码就是在这个头文件中,上面的vector和vector.h都是调用这个头文件的。

四、STL标准头文件(无扩展名)

  • 这个无扩展名得头文件就是我们实际编码时调用的,但是这些头文件并没有实现功能,而是调用了一些其他的头文件。
  • 其具体的功能由后面的<stl_xxx.h>头文件实现。

  • 例如下面是deque的头文件,其中没有实现任何功能,只是调用了一些头文件。
/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994
 * Hewlett-Packard Company
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1997
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */

#ifndef __SGI_STL_DEQUE
#define __SGI_STL_DEQUE

#include <stl_range_errors.h>
#include <stl_algobase.h>
#include <stl_alloc.h>
#include <stl_construct.h>
#include <stl_uninitialized.h>
#include <stl_deque.h>

#endif /* __SGI_STL_DEQUE */

// Local Variables:
// mode:C++
// End:

五、C++ Standard定案前,HP所规范的STL头文件

  • 是C++标准之前使用的STL头文件,已经不再使用。
  • 与无扩展名的STL标准头文件一样,其具体的功能由后面的说明头文件实现。

  • 例如下面是deque.h的头文件,其中没有实现任何功能,也只是调用了一些头文件。
/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994
 * Hewlett-Packard Company
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1997
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */

#ifndef __SGI_STL_DEQUE_H
#define __SGI_STL_DEQUE_H

#include <stl_range_errors.h>
#include <algobase.h>
#include <alloc.h>
#include <stl_deque.h>

#ifdef __STL_USE_NAMESPACES
using __STD::deque;
#endif /* __STL_USE_NAMESPACES */

#endif /* __SGI_STL_DEQUE_H */

// Local Variables:
// mode:C++
// End:

六、SGI STL内部文件(STL真正实作于此)

  • 这些头文件是由无扩展或有扩展的STL头文件调用的。
  • 这些都是实现STL源码的真正部分,不供外部直接调用。

  • 例如下面是stl_queue.h头文件的内容(由于内容过大,下面只截取了一部分的内容)。
/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994
 * Hewlett-Packard Company
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1996,1997
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */

/* NOTE: This is an internal header file, included by other STL headers.
 *   You should not attempt to use it directly.
 */

#ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_QUEUE_H
#define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_QUEUE_H

#include <sequence_concepts.h>

__STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

// Forward declarations of operators < and ==, needed for friend declaration.

template <class _Tp, 
          class _Sequence __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(deque<_Tp>) >
class queue;

template <class _Tp, class _Seq>
inline bool operator==(const queue<_Tp, _Seq>&, const queue<_Tp, _Seq>&);

template <class _Tp, class _Seq>
inline bool operator<(const queue<_Tp, _Seq>&, const queue<_Tp, _Seq>&);


template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
class queue {

  // requirements:

  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Sequence, _FrontInsertionSequence);
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Sequence, _BackInsertionSequence);
  typedef typename _Sequence::value_type _Sequence_value_type;
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES_SAME_TYPE(_Tp, _Sequence_value_type);


#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES 
  template <class _Tp1, class _Seq1>
  friend bool operator== (const queue<_Tp1, _Seq1>&,
                          const queue<_Tp1, _Seq1>&);
  template <class _Tp1, class _Seq1>
  friend bool operator< (const queue<_Tp1, _Seq1>&,
                         const queue<_Tp1, _Seq1>&);
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
  friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
  operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const queue&, const queue&);
  friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
  operator<  __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const queue&, const queue&);
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

public:
  typedef typename _Sequence::value_type      value_type;
  typedef typename _Sequence::size_type       size_type;
  typedef          _Sequence                  container_type;

  typedef typename _Sequence::reference       reference;
  typedef typename _Sequence::const_reference const_reference;
protected:
  _Sequence c;
public:
  queue() : c() {}
  explicit queue(const _Sequence& __c) : c(__c) {}

  bool empty() const { return c.empty(); }
  size_type size() const { return c.size(); }
  reference front() { return c.front(); }
  const_reference front() const { return c.front(); }
  reference back() { return c.back(); }
  const_reference back() const { return c.back(); }
  void push(const value_type& __x) { c.push_back(__x); }
  void pop() { c.pop_front(); }
};

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool 
operator==(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return __x.c == __y.c;
}

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool
operator<(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return __x.c < __y.c;
}

#ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool
operator!=(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return !(__x == __y);
}

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool 
operator>(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return __y < __x;
}

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool 
operator<=(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return !(__y < __x);
}

template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>
bool 
operator>=(const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __x, const queue<_Tp, _Sequence>& __y)
{
  return !(__x < __y);
}

#endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */

template <class _Tp, 
          class _Sequence __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(vector<_Tp>),
          class _Compare
          __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(less<typename _Sequence::value_type>) >
class priority_queue {

  // requirements:

  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Sequence, _Sequence);
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Sequence, _RandomAccessContainer);
  typedef typename _Sequence::value_type _Sequence_value_type;
  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES_SAME_TYPE(_Tp, _Sequence_value_type);
  __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_Compare, bool, _Tp, _Tp);

public:
  typedef typename _Sequence::value_type      value_type;
  typedef typename _Sequence::size_type       size_type;
  typedef          _Sequence                  container_type;

  typedef typename _Sequence::reference       reference;
  typedef typename _Sequence::const_reference const_reference;
protected:
  _Sequence c;
  _Compare comp;
public:
  priority_queue() : c() {}
  explicit priority_queue(const _Compare& __x) :  c(), comp(__x) {}
  priority_queue(const _Compare& __x, const _Sequence& __s) 
    : c(__s), comp(__x) 
    { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }

#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
  template <class _InputIterator>
  priority_queue(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) 
    : c(__first, __last) { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }

  template <class _InputIterator>
  priority_queue(_InputIterator __first, 
                 _InputIterator __last, const _Compare& __x)
    : c(__first, __last), comp(__x) 
    { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }

  template <class _InputIterator>
  priority_queue(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                 const _Compare& __x, const _Sequence& __s)
  : c(__s), comp(__x)
  { 
    c.insert(c.end(), __first, __last);
    make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
  }

#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
  priority_queue(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last) 
    : c(__first, __last) { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }

  priority_queue(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last, 
                 const _Compare& __x) 
    : c(__first, __last), comp(__x)
    { make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp); }

  priority_queue(const value_type* __first, const value_type* __last, 
                 const _Compare& __x, const _Sequence& __c)
    : c(__c), comp(__x) 
  { 
    c.insert(c.end(), __first, __last);
    make_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
  }
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

  bool empty() const { return c.empty(); }
  size_type size() const { return c.size(); }
  const_reference top() const { return c.front(); }
  void push(const value_type& __x) {
    __STL_TRY {
      c.push_back(__x); 
      push_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
    }
    __STL_UNWIND(c.clear());
  }
  void pop() {
    __STL_TRY {
      pop_heap(c.begin(), c.end(), comp);
      c.pop_back();
    }
    __STL_UNWIND(c.clear());
  }
};

// no equality is provided

__STL_END_NAMESPACE

#endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_QUEUE_H */

// Local Variables:
// mode:C++
// End:

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