安卓菜鸟的进阶之路-ListView

1.实现菜单的滚动

2.用法

    （1）在布局文件中添加<ListView>

    （2）在.java中添加代码

            初始化适配器：ArrayAdapter<?> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<?>{//?除3根据添加的数据类型而定

              MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data}//{}内变量一次为活动名，布局，数据

     （3）ListView ListView = （ListView）findViewById(R.id.)

                listView.setAdapter(adapter)

3.定制ListView

    （1）制定适配器数据类型

        eg:

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public  int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

    （2）定制布局

        eg:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
    android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
    android:layout_width="50dp"
    android:layout_height="50dp" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

    （3）自定义适配器

        eg:

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view;//  = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }
        else
        {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
    class ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }

}

4.提升ListView运行效率

    （1）影响性能的原因：getView每次都将布局加载一次，效率低下

    （2）解决方法：利用getView的convertView参数，该参数可以对之前加载过得布局文件缓存

            eg:

if (convertView == null){
    view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
    
}
else
{
    view = convertView;
 
}

     （3）影响效率的第二个因素：getView调用findViewById()获取控件的实例

     （4）消除方法：借助内部类ViewHolder，用于存储控件的实例

            eg:

ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null){
    view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
    viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
    viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
    viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
    view.setTag(viewHolder);
}
else
{
    view = convertView;
    viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
ImageView fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
TextView fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;

5.对ListView子项添加监听事件

ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {

            Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
});