springcloud笔记之Ribbon实现负载均衡

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-16 09:49:04 发布

Dream_Mir_Hui_Gir

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-16 09:49:04 发布

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分类专栏： springcloud 文章标签： ribbon eureka

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41486775/article/details/114482241

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文章目录

一、Ribbon是什么？
二、使用步骤
总结

一、Ribbon是什么？

再说Ribbon之前，先来谈谈什么是负载均衡**，负载均衡简单来说就是将用户的请求平摊到多个服务器上，从而达到系统的高可用（Hign Availability）**

LB简单分为两类，第一类是集中式LB(LoadBalance)，第二类是进程式LB（LoadBalance）集中式的话，意思是在服务的提供方和消费方之间使用独立的LB设备，nginx就是这样子的，当请求来到nginx的时候，nginx通过某种策略转发至服务的提供方，根据响应返回结果给客户端。

而像Ribbon则是基于客户端，也就是消费方的，消费方从服务注册中心获的哪些地址可用，然后自己再从这些地址中选择一个合适的服务器。

Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端负载均衡工具，注意，是客户端行为,也就是说请求发起之后，请求首先来到Ribbon，然后Ribbon再去注册中心得到服务的注册列表，根据返回的结果，自动选择某一个服务，处理用户发出的请求。

二、使用步骤

1.消费者

1.1 添加依赖

<!-- Ribbon -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

1.2 application.yam

server:
  port: 80

#Eureka配置
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false #客户端无需注册到eureka
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/

1.3 ConfigBean配置类

package com.lhh.springcloudconsumer.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

开启负载均衡注解
1.4 修改controller

package com.lhh.springcloudconsumer.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class EmpConsumerController {
    //提供者的ip+端口
    /*private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";*/
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://springcloud-provider-emp";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/get/{empId}")
    public com.lhh.entity.Emp get(@PathVariable("empId") Integer empId) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/provider/queryOne/" + empId, com.lhh.entity.Emp.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/getAll")
    public List<com.lhh.entity.Emp> get() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/provider/queryAll/", List.class);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2.提供者

2.1 建立三个数据库

建立三个数据库的目的是为了模拟负载均衡，Ribbon从注册中心拿到服务之后，根据某些策略，访问不同的服务，从而达到不同的显示效果。
在这里插入图片描述

2.2 项目结构

2.3 application.yaml(三个都是一样的，数据库改一下即可)

server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.lhh.entity
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-emp
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    #    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud3?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    #    password: root
    password: 123456
    #数据源类别
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    
#Eureka配置：服务注册到哪里
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: springcloud-provider-emp-8001

#info配置
info:
  app.name: lhh-springcloud
  company.name: lhh.com

2.启动测试

按照常理来说，启动三个eureka客户端，启动三个服务提供者，然后再启动一个消费者，因为消费者已经配置好了，在浏览器客户端进行访问
在这里插入图片描述
运行结果（别人的）

总结

很遗憾，我的服务提供者，开启不了，会报错，报错数据如下：

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2021-03-07 15:29:06.573 ERROR 24936 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:157) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543) ~[spring-context-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:142) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:775) [spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397) [spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:316) [spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1260) [spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1248) [spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at com.lhh.SpringCloudEmpProvider_8001.main(SpringCloudEmpProvider_8001.java:12) [classes/:na]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49) [spring-boot-devtools-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:125) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.<init>(TomcatWebServer.java:86) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getTomcatWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:427) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatServletWebServerFactory.getWebServer(TomcatServletWebServerFactory.java:180) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:181) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:154) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	... 13 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'formContentFilter' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:627) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:456) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1321) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1160) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:515) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:320) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:204) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.getOrderedBeansOfType(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:235) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAsRegistrationBean(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:193) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAsRegistrationBean(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:188) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.addAdaptableBeans(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:170) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializerBeans.<init>(ServletContextInitializerBeans.java:89) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.getServletContextInitializerBeans(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:261) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.selfInitialize(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:234) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatStarter.onStartup(TomcatStarter.java:54) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5139) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:932) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer.initialize(TomcatWebServer.java:106) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	... 18 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter]: Factory method 'formContentFilter' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:622) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	... 59 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
	at org.springframework.http.converter.support.AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.<init>(AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.java:91) ~[spring-web-5.3.2.jar:5.3.2]
	at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.<init>(FormContentFilter.java:61) ~[spring-web-5.3.2.jar:5.3.2]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.filter.OrderedFormContentFilter.<init>(OrderedFormContentFilter.java:29) ~[spring-boot-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration.formContentFilter(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:168) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$45d1433d.CGLIB$formContentFilter$1(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$45d1433d$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$45537c85.invoke(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:244) ~[spring-core-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:363) ~[spring-context-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$45d1433d.formContentFilter(<generated>) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.5.RELEASE.jar:2.1.5.RELEASE]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154) ~[spring-beans-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]
	... 60 common frames omitted

因为服务提供方启动补起来，所以就没有办法演示负载均衡的效果，但是要实现负载均衡的配置思路就是上面这样子的。

希望看完对，大家有收获，如果发现了我的哪些问题，还望指点。

Dream_Mir_Hui_Gir

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springcloud笔记之Ribbon实现负载均衡

文章目录一、Ribbon是什么？二、使用步骤1.消费者2.提供者2.启动测试总结一、Ribbon是什么？再说Ribbon之前，先来谈谈什么是负载均衡**，负载均衡简单来说就是将用户的请求平摊到多个服务器上，从而达到系统的高可用（Hign Availability）**LB简单分为两类，第一类是集中式LB(LoadBalance)，第二类是进程式LB（LoadBalance）集中式的话，意思是在服务的提供方和消费方之间使用独立的LB设备，nginx就是这样子的，当请求来到nginx的时候，nginx通过
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