Zookeeper 实战
一、安装部署
1.1分布式安装部署
-
集群规划:
首先要有三台服务器节点,可以是用vmware软件来生成虚拟服务器。命名为: hadoop102、hadoop103和hadoop104,在这三个节点上部署Zookeeper。 -
解压安装
- 解压zookeeper安装包到/opt/module/目录下
[atguigu@hadoop102 software]$ tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/ - 在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/这个目录下创建zkData
mkdir -p zkData - 重命名/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf这个目录下的zoo_sample.cfg为zoo.cfg
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
- 解压zookeeper安装包到/opt/module/目录下
-
配置zoo.cfg文件
- 具体配置
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
增加如下配置
- 具体配置
#######################cluster##########################
server.2=hadoop102:2888:3888
server.3=hadoop103:2888:3888
server.4=hadoop104:2888:3888
- 配置参数解读
Server.A=B:C:D。
A是一个数字,表示这个是第几号服务器;
B是这个服务器的ip地址;
C是这个服务器与集群中的Leader服务器交换信息的端口;
D是万一集群中的Leader服务器挂了,需要一个端口来重新进行选举,选出一个新的Leader,而这个端口就是用来执行选举时服务器相互通信的端口。
集群模式下配置一个文件myid,这个文件在dataDir目录下,这个文件里面有一个数据就是A的值,Zookeeper启动时读取此文件,拿到里面的数据与zoo.cfg里面的配置信息比较从而判断到底是哪个server。- 集群操作
(1)在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData目录下创建一个myid的文件
touch myid
添加myid文件,注意一定要在linux里面创建,在notepad++里面很可能乱码
(2)编辑myid文件
vi myid
在文件中添加与server对应的编号:如2
(3)拷贝配置好的zookeeper到其他机器上
scp -r zookeeper-3.4.10/ root@hadoop103.atguigu.com:/opt/app/
scp -r zookeeper-3.4.10/ root@hadoop104.atguigu.com:/opt/app/
并分别修改myid文件中内容为3、4
(4)分别启动zookeeper
[root@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start
[root@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start
[root@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start
(5)查看状态
[root@hadoop102 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
[root@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: leader
[root@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.5]# bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: follower
1.2客户端命令行操作
命令基本语法 | 功能描述 |
---|---|
help | 显示所有操作命令 |
ls path [watch] | 使用 ls 命令来查看当前znode中所包含的内容 |
ls2 path [watch] | 查看当前节点数据并能看到更新次数等数据 |
create | 普通创建 ; - s 含有序列 ; -e 临时(重启或者超时消失) |
get path [watch] | 获得节点的值 |
set | 设置节点的具体值 |
stat | 查看节点状态 |
delete | 删除节点 |
rmr | 递归删除节点 |
- 启动客户端
[atguigu@hadoop103 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkCli.sh
- 显示所有操作命令
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] help
- 查看当前znode中所包含的内容
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
- 查看当前节点数据并能看到更新次数等数据
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls2 /
[zookeeper]
cZxid = 0x0
ctime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
mZxid = 0x0
mtime = Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970
pZxid = 0x0
cversion = -1
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 0
numChildren = 1
- 创建普通节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] create /app1 "hello app1"
Created /app1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] create /app1/server101 "192.168.1.101"
Created /app1/server101
- 获得节点的值
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] get /app1
hello app1
cZxid = 0x20000000a
ctime = Mon Jul 17 16:08:35 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x20000000a
mtime = Mon Jul 17 16:08:35 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x20000000b
cversion = 1
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 10
numChildren = 1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] get /app1/server101
192.168.1.101
cZxid = 0x20000000b
ctime = Mon Jul 17 16:11:04 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x20000000b
mtime = Mon Jul 17 16:11:04 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x20000000b
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 13
numChildren = 0
- 创建短暂节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] create -e /app-emphemeral 8888
1)在当前客户端是能查看到的
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] ls /
[app1, app-emphemeral, zookeeper]
2)退出当前客户端然后再重启客户端
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] quit
[atguigu@hadoop104 zookeeper-3.4.10]$ bin/zkCli.sh
3)再次查看根目录下短暂节点已经删除
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[app1, zookeeper]
- 创建带序号的节点
1)先创建一个普通的根节点app2
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] create /app2 "app2"
2)创建带序号的节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] create -s /app2/aa 888
Created /app2/aa0000000000
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] create -s /app2/bb 888
Created /app2/bb0000000001
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] create -s /app2/cc 888
Created /app2/cc0000000002
如果原节点下有1个节点,则再排序时从1开始,以此类推。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 16] create -s /app1/aa 888
Created /app1/aa0000000001
- 修改节点数据值
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] set /app1 999
- 节点的值变化监听
1)在104主机上注册监听/app1节点数据变化
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 26] get /app1 watch
2)在103主机上修改/app1节点的数据
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] set /app1 777
3)观察104主机收到数据变化的监听
WATCHER::
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeDataChanged path:/app1
- 节点的子节点变化监听(路径变化)
1)在104主机上注册监听/app1节点的子节点变化
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /app1 watch
[aa0000000001, server101]
2)在103主机/app1节点上创建子节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] create /app1/bb 666
Created /app1/bb
3)观察104主机收到子节点变化的监听
WATCHER::
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:NodeChildrenChanged path:/app1
- 删除节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] delete /app1/bb
- 递归删除节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] rmr /app2
- 查看节点状态
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] stat /app1
cZxid = 0x20000000a
ctime = Mon Jul 17 16:08:35 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x200000018
mtime = Mon Jul 17 16:54:38 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x20000001c
cversion = 4
dataVersion = 2
aclVersion = 0
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 3
numChildren = 2
二、API应用
2.1 环境搭建
- 创建一个工程
- 解压zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz文件
- zookeeper-3.4.10.jar、jline-0.9.94.jar、log4j-1.2.16.jar、netty-3.10.5.Final.jar、slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar、slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar ,导入jar包到工程。
2.2 创建ZooKeeper客户端
private static String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private static int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private ZooKeeper zkClient = null;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
zkClient = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
// 收到事件通知后的回调函数(用户的业务逻辑)
System.out.println(event.getType() + "--" + event.getPath());
// 再次启动监听
try {
zkClient.getChildren("/", true);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
2.3 创建子节点
// 创建子节点
@Test
public void create() throws Exception {
// 数据的增删改查
// 参数1:要创建的节点的路径; 参数2:节点数据 ; 参数3:节点权限 ;参数4:节点的类型
String nodeCreated = zkClient.create("/eclipse", "hello zk".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
2.4 获取子节点并监听
// 获取子节点
@Test
public void getChildren() throws Exception {
List<String> children = zkClient.getChildren("/", true);
for (String child : children) {
System.out.println(child);
}
// 延时阻塞
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
2.5 判断znode是否存在
// 判断znode是否存在
@Test
public void exist() throws Exception {
Stat stat = zkClient.exists("/eclipse", false);
System.out.println(stat == null ? "not exist" : "exist");
}
三、案例实战
监听服务器节点动态上下线案例
-
需求:某分布式系统中,主节点可以有多台,可以动态上下线,任意一台客户端都能实时感知到主节点服务器的上下线
-
需求分析
-
具体实现:
(0)先在集群上创建/servers节点
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] create /servers "servers"
Created /servers
(1)服务器端代码:
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
public class DistributeServer {
private static String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private static int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private ZooKeeper zk = null;
private String parentNode = "/servers";
// 创建到zk的客户端连接
public void getConnect() throws IOException{
zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
}
});
}
// 注册服务器
public void registServer(String hostname) throws Exception{
String create = zk.create(parentNode + "/server", hostname.getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
System.out.println(hostname +" is noline "+ create);
}
// 业务功能
public void business(String hostname) throws Exception{
System.out.println(hostname+" is working ...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取zk连接
DistributeServer server = new DistributeServer();
server.getConnect();
// 利用zk连接注册服务器信息
server.registServer(args[0]);
// 启动业务功能
server.business(args[0]);
}
}
(2)客户端代码
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
public class DistributeClient {
private static String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private static int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private ZooKeeper zk = null;
private String parentNode = "/servers";
private volatile ArrayList<String> serversList = new ArrayList<>();
// 创建到zk的客户端连接
public void getConnect() throws IOException {
zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
// 再次启动监听
try {
getServerList();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
//
public void getServerList() throws Exception {
// 获取服务器子节点信息,并且对父节点进行监听
List<String> children = zk.getChildren(parentNode, true);
ArrayList<String> servers = new ArrayList<>();
for (String child : children) {
byte[] data = zk.getData(parentNode + "/" + child, false, null);
servers.add(new String(data));
}
// 把servers赋值给成员serverList,已提供给各业务线程使用
serversList = servers;
System.out.println(serversList);
}
// 业务功能
public void business() throws Exception {
System.out.println("client is working ...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 获取zk连接
DistributeClient client = new DistributeClient();
client.getConnect();
// 获取servers的子节点信息,从中获取服务器信息列表
client.getServerList();
// 业务进程启动
client.business();
}
}