matplotlib 03-常见图表

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

一 折线图

x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
y=[5,2,4,2,1,4,5,2]

#解决中文乱码问题
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'Microsoft YaHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.plot(x,y,label="折线图")

plt.xlabel("x轴")
plt.ylabel("y轴")
plt.title("折线图图例")

#展示左上角小窗
plt.legend()
plt.show()

二 柱状图

x1 = [1,3,5,7,9]
y1 = [5,2,7,8,2]

x2 =[2,4,6,8,10]
y2 = [8,6,2,5,6]

#绘制柱状图
plt.bar(x1,y1,label="柱状图-01",color="g")
plt.bar(x2,y2,label="柱状图-02",color="b")

plt.xlabel("x轴")
plt.ylabel("y轴")

plt.title("柱状图图例")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

三 条形图

x1 = [1,3,5,7,9]
y1 = [5,2,7,8,2]

x2 =[2,4,6,8,10]
y2 = [8,6,2,5,6]

#绘制条形图
plt.barh(x1,y1,label="条形图-01",color="g")
plt.barh(x2,y2,label="条形图-02",color="b")

plt.xlabel("x轴")
plt.ylabel("y轴")

plt.title("条形图图例")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

四 直方图

population_ages = [22,55,62,45,21,22,34,42,42,4,99,102,110,120,
                   121,122,130,111,115,112,80,75,65,54,44,43,42,48]

#区间范围
bins = [0,18,30,45,60,80]

plt.hist(population_ages,bins,histtype="bar")

plt.xlabel("年龄区间")
plt.ylabel("频数")
plt.title("年龄分布直方图")

plt.show()

五 饼图

slices = [7.0,2.0,2.0,13.0]
activities = ["sleeping","eating","working","playing"]
cols =["c","m","r","b"]  #颜色
plt.pie(slices,
       labels=activities,#饼图标签
       colors=cols,      #每个扇形区域的颜色
       startangle=90,   #开始绘制扇形区域的角度
       shadow=True,     #边的阴影
       explode=(0,0.1,0,0), #扇形区域突出的比例  值越大突出越明显 值为0不突出
       autopct='%1.1f%%')  #以百分比的方式显示数据，保留一位小数

plt.title("饼图")
plt.show()

六 散点图

x =[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
y=[5,2,4,2,1,4,5,2]

plt.scatter(x,y,
            label="skitscat",
           color="k",
           s=25,  #点的大小
           marker="o") #点的类型

plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")
plt.title("散点图")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

七 堆叠图

ays = [1,2,3,4,5]

sleeping = [7,8,6,11,7]
eating = [2,3,4,3,2]
working = [7,8,7,2,2]
playing = [8,5,7,8,13]

plt.stackplot(days,
             sleeping,
             eating,
             working,
             playing,
             colors=list("mcrk"))

plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")
plt.title("堆叠图")

plt.show()