CenterOS 7安装Python3.6.8

CenterOS 7安装Python3.6.8

Python3.7可能是只能安装tensorflow1.13以上

步骤

1. wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
2. mkdir -p /usr/local/python3                         个人习惯安装在/usr/local/python3（具体安装位置看个人喜好）
3. tar -zxvf Python-3.6.8.tgz
4. cd Python-3.6.8
5. yum -y groupinstall development                            确保我们的系统具有所有必要的开发依赖关系
6. yum -y install zlib-devel
7. yum install bzip2-devel       如果没有这句，安装mxnet会报错：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2' 
8. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 设置配置目录
9. make altinstall              而不是 make && make install 此时已经安装成功(有问题)，但是得再/usr/local/python3/bin中开启
10. ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3 建立python3的软链
11. ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3 建立pip3连接
12. pip3 install pip --upgrade 更新
13. vim ~/.bash_profile 编辑
14. 将PATH='$PATH:$HOME/bin'后添加":/usr/local/python3/bin"内容，然后esc，再“:wq”

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin

export PATH

1. source ~/.bash_profile                   让上一步的修改生效
2. python3或pip3就可以了

　查看当前pip3版本信息

pip3 -V

1. setuptools安装参考 不装应该也可以

问题

1.make install不成功，ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

    关于在centos下安装python3.7.0以上版本时报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'的解决办法
    CentOS的软件安装工具不是apt-get 是yum
    yum -y install 你要安装的文件

2.pip3 pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

CentOS解决

1. # To allow for building python ssl libs
2. yum install openssl-devel
3. # Download the source of *any* python version
4. cd /usr/src
5. wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
6. tar xf Python-3.6.2.tar.xz
7. cd Python-3.6.2
8.  
9. # Configure the build w/ your installed libraries
10. ./configure
11.  
12. # Install into /usr/local/bin/python3.6, don't overwrite global python bin
13. make altinstall

3.错误的将/usr/local/lib下的libpython3.6m.a 与python3.6删除，后在运行python3或pip3 导致如下错误：

1. Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
2. Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
3. Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
4. Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
5. ImportError: No module named 'encodings'
6. Aborted

原因：系统默认运行python3.6，让你出删除后就编译不了3.6了，所以删除原来安装的python3.6安装目录：/usr/local/bin，和/usr/local/python3 重新安装了python3.7此时才创建软引用系统才有效，否则新安装的3.7怎么配置都不会被系统引用到。

卸载python3.6

1. # 删除上述文件
2. rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3.6
3. rm -rf /usr/local/bin/2to3-3.6 to
4. rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pyvenv-3.6
5. rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pydoc3.6
6. rm -rf /usr/local/bin/idle3.6

参考

在Linux中安装Python3.6
Linux安装python3.6