02、多线程之间执行流程的控制

1、概述

谈到多线程编程，在工作中往往会遇到线程之间执行的流程控制问题。我将通过如下问题来讲解线程之间流程控制的方式。

2、问题

有一个容器，一个线程不断往里面装元素，另一个线程负责检测容器中的个数，当容器中元素的个数刚好为5时，第二个线程退出。

3、解决方案

• 使用object.wait()+object.notify()解决

	List lists = new ArrayList();

	public void add(Object o) {
		lists.add(o);
	}

	public int size() {
		return lists.size();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		T04_NotifyFreeLock c = new T04_NotifyFreeLock();
		
		final Object lock = new Object();
		
		new Thread(() -> {
			synchronized(lock) {
				System.out.println("t2启动");
				if(c.size() != 5) {
					try {
						lock.wait();
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
				System.out.println("t2 结束");
				//通知t1继续执行
				lock.notify();
			}
			
		}, "t2").start();
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}

		new Thread(() -> {
			System.out.println("t1启动");
			synchronized(lock) {
				for(int i=0; i<10; i++) {
					c.add(new Object());
					System.out.println("add " + i);
					
					if(c.size() == 5) {
						lock.notify();
						//释放锁，让t2得以执行
						try {
							lock.wait();
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
					}
					
					try {
						TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}, "t1").start();
	}

• CountDownLatch(门栓)，使用双重门栓解决

	// 添加volatile，使t2能够得到通知
	volatile List lists = new ArrayList();

	public void add(Object o) {
		lists.add(o);
	}

	public int size() {
		return lists.size();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		T05_CountDownLatch c = new T05_CountDownLatch();

		//用两只门栓可保证刚好5个元素时触发
		CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
		CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
		new Thread(() -> {
			System.out.println("t2启动");
			if (c.size() != 5) {
				try {
					latch.await();

					//也可以指定等待时间
					//latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			latch2.countDown();
			System.out.println("t2 结束");

		}, "t2").start();

		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}

		new Thread(() -> {
			System.out.println("t1启动");
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				c.add(new Object());
				System.out.println("add " + i);

				if (c.size() == 5) {
					// 打开门闩，让t2得以执行
					latch.countDown();
					try {
						latch2.await();
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}

				/*try {
					TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}*/
			}

		}, "t1").start();

	}

• LockSupport

	// 添加volatile，使t2能够得到通知
	volatile List lists = new ArrayList();

	public void add(Object o) {
		lists.add(o);
	}

	public int size() {
		return lists.size();
	}

	static Thread t1 = null, t2 = null;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		T07_LockSupport_WithoutSleep c = new T07_LockSupport_WithoutSleep();

		t1 = new Thread(() -> {
			System.out.println("t1启动");
			for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
				c.add(new Object());
				System.out.println("add " + i);

				if (c.size() == 5) {
					LockSupport.unpark(t2);
					LockSupport.park();
				}
			}
		}, "t1");

		t2 = new Thread(() -> {
			//System.out.println("t2启动");
			//if (c.size() != 5) {

				LockSupport.park();

			//}
			System.out.println("t2 结束");
			LockSupport.unpark(t1);


		}, "t2");

		t2.start();
		t1.start();
	}