多线程的执行完全是自发的去抢CPU时间片,谁先抢到谁就先去执行
不会按照Java中写出的顺序来执行,那么如何才能控制线程的执行顺序呢?
如以下案例:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread1());
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread2());
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread3());
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class MyThread1 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 1");
}
}
class MyThread2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 2");
}
}
class MyThread3 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 3");
}
}
执行结果我们是完全是可以猜测的,1、2、3线程输出的结果是无序的,因为多线程在并发环境中的正常执行顺序是随机无序的,并不能按照期盼的结果输出。因为启动一个线程时,线程并不会立即执行,而是等待CPU的资源调度,CPU能调度哪个线程,是通过多种复杂的算法计算而来,这里就不展开了。要明确的一点是,多线程运行的随机性。
第一种方法:join();
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread1());
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread2());
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread3());
t1.start();
t1.join();
t2.start();
t2.join();
t3.start();
}
}
class MyThread1 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 1");
}
}
class MyThread2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 2");
}
}
class MyThread3 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 3");
}
}
有了join方法的帮忙,线程123就能按照指定的顺序执行了。
我们来看看示例当中主线程与子线程的执行顺序。在main方法中,先是调用了t1.start方法,启动t1线程,随后调用t1的join方法,main所在的主线程就需要等待t1子线程中的run方法运行完成后才能继续运行,所以主线程卡在t2.start方法之前等待t1程序。等t1运行完后,主线程重新获得主动权,继续运行t2.start和t2.join方法,与t1子线程类似,main主线程等待t2完成后继续执行,如此执行下去,join方法就有效的解决了执行顺序问题。因为在同一个时间点,各个线程是同步状态
第二种方法:singlethreadexcuter;(线程池中的一种类型,单线程的线程池,线程池是先进先出,有顺序的。)
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Test {
private static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread1());
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread2());
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread3());
executor.submit(t1);
executor.submit(t2);
executor.submit(t3);
executor.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread1 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 1");
}
}
class MyThread2 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 2");
}
}
class MyThread3 implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("I am thread 3");
}
}
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/u011519624/article/details/79039380