Spring——Annotation 配置 Spring 容器

1. 启用 Annotaion 配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>

</beans>

2. 设置组件扫描与 Bean 命名

@Repository, @Service, and @Controller,@Component 这 四 个 Annotation 功 能 相 同（@Repository 声明 Dao,@Service 声明 Service，@controller 声明控制器），都是用在类上的 Annotation，说明让 spring 实例化此类的对像，并放入 spring 容器中

@componet(“id”)其中 id 声明 bean 对像的名字

 

3. 设置组件扫描的基础包

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(“基包名”)
Public class AppConfig{}


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basepackages=“基包名”)
Public class AppConfig{}


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basepackages={“基包名”,”...”})
Public class AppConfig{}


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses={App1Config.class,App2Config.class})
Public class AppConfig{}
以上 App1Config 与 App2Config 所在的包作为组件扫描的基础包


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "org.example",
        includeFilters = @Filter(type = FilterType.REGEX, pattern =             
        ".*Stub.*Repository"), excludeFilters = @Filter(Repository.class))

public class AppConfig {... }



<beans>
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.example">
        <context:include-filter type="regex" expression=".*Stub.*Repository"/>
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"             
             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/>
    </context:component-scan>
</beans>

4. Annotation 自动装配

@Autowired 自动装配和 JSR 330’s @Inject 对应，可用在构造方法、属性 setter 方法，有属性@Autowired(required=false)

@qualifiers 注明要装配 bean 的标识，用于多个 bean 无法确定装配哪个的情况。

 

<bean id="teacher1" class="com.bean.Teacher"/>

<bean id="teacher2" class="com.bean.Teacher">
	<property name="name" value="老刘"/>
	<property name="age" value="35"/>
</bean>

测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(value={"/ApplicationContext.xml"})
public class MyTest {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("teacher2")
    Teacher teacher;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        System.out.println(teacher);
    }

}

 

也可以用 Java 注解来完成自动装配 @Named 和@Inject

@Named
public class Teacher {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Teacher() {
        this.name = "王老师";
        this.age = 38;
    }

    /*getter setter */
}

测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(value={"/ApplicationContext.xml"})
public class MyTest {

    @Inject
    Teacher teacher;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        System.out.println(teacher);
    }

}

@Primary 用于声明 bean 的首先，用在多个 bean，无法选择装配谁的情况

<bean id="teacher1" class="com.bean.Teacher" primary="true"/>

@Bean
@Primary
public Student getStudent(){
	Student student = new Student();
	student.setName("张三");
	student.setAge(18);
	return student;
}

5. Bean 的初始化方法与销毁方法

 

方法一： @PostConstruct and   @PreDestroy

@Component
public class Teacher {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Teacher() {
        this.name = "王老师";
        this.age = 38;
        System.out.println("构造方法。。。。。");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init........");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("init........");
    }

    /*getter toString setter */

测试：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(value={"/ApplicationContext.xml"})
public class MyTest {

    @Inject
    Teacher teacher;

    @Test
    public void test(){
        System.out.println(teacher);
    }

}

执行结果：

 

方法二：XML

<bean id="teacher1" class="com.bean.Teacher" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>

方法三：java 显式配置

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com"})
public class Config {

    @Bean(initMethod = "init" ,destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Teacher teacher(){

        return new Teacher();
    }
}

6. Spring 和 JSR 的 Annotaion 对比