Java - 注解定义

注解定义：使用@interface，定义的参数需要加圆括号，如 name()，可设默认值;
注解读取：通过反射获取注解的值，在获取参数值之前建议使用isAnnotationPresent()判断注解是否存在，避免出现空指针异常。

package main.java.per.learning.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class AnnotationDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("main.java.per.learning.annotation.Student");
        // 通过反射获取注解（类注解）
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println("annotations：" + annotation);
        }

        // Annotation[] declaredAnnotations = c1.getDeclaredAnnotations();
        // for (Annotation annotation : declaredAnnotations) {
        //     System.out.println("declaredAnnotations：" + annotation);
        // }

        // 获取注解的值
        if (c1.isAnnotationPresent(ClassMing.class)){
            ClassMing classMing = (ClassMing) c1.getAnnotation(ClassMing.class);
            String tableName = classMing.tableName();
            System.out.println(tableName);
        }

        
        // 获取类指定注解的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        // 判断该属性上是否存在某类型注解，避免空指针异常
        if(name.isAnnotationPresent(FieldMing.class)) {
            System.out.println("name上有@FieldMing注解...");
            FieldMing fieldMing = name.getAnnotation(FieldMing.class);
            String columnName = fieldMing.columnName();
            String type = fieldMing.type();
            int length = fieldMing.length();
            System.out.println("columnName = " + columnName);
            System.out.println("type = " + type);
            System.out.println("length = " + length);
        }
    }
}

@ClassMing(tableName = "db_student")
class Student{
    @FieldMing(columnName = "name", type = "varchar", length = 66)
    private String name;

    @FieldMing(columnName = "address", type = "varchar", length = 50)
    private String address;

    @FieldMing(columnName = "age", type = "int", length = 2)
    private int age;
}

/**
 * 定义一个类注解
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface ClassMing{
    String tableName() default "";
}

/**
 * 定义一个属性注解
 */
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldMing{
    String columnName() default "";
    String type() default "";
    int length() default -1;
}