超详细的!!!!!Centos7安装mysql5.7.39,
记一次阿里云服务器安装mysql 的经历
1.卸载centos7自带mariadb
#查看maridb信息
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
# mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
#卸载
rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
2.解压mysql
mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz下载
#创建mysql安装包存放目录
mkdir /home/app
#解压mysql安装包 (安装包在/home/app目录下)
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3.添加用户和用户组
groupadd mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql
4.创建数据目录并授权
#创建数据存放目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql
#给目录授权
chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql
5.添加mysql配置文件 my.cnf
#在etc目录下新建my.cnf文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加配置信息
[mysqld]
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
6.移动mysql目录
#移动mysql目录并重命名
mv /home/app/mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
7.初始化mysql
#进入到mysql目录下的bin目录
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
#执行下面的命令进行初始化
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
#注意:阿里云服务器在安装时会报一下错误 需要安装 libaio
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
#安装libaio
yum install -y libaio
8.移动mysql的启动文件到/etc/init.d目录下
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
9.启动mysql
service mysql start
10.配置环境变量,可以在任意目录下使用mysql相关的命令
#打开profile目录
vim /etc/profile
#在最下面添加
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
#重新加载配置
source /etc/profile
11.查看初始密码
cat /data/mysql/mysql.err | grep password
######
2023-04-03T05:04:54.822998Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kme9gewsj+pC
12.登录mysql并修改密码
#登录 使用上面的初始密码登录
mysql -uroot -p
#在mysql命令行修改密码
alter user user() identified by "!QAZ2wsx";
#刷新 使新密码生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
13.设置允许外部访问
#选择访问mysql库
use mysql;
#使root能再任何host访问
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
#刷新
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
14.添加mysql新用户并授权
#创建
CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
#授权
grant all on *.* to user1@'%' identified by "123456";
#允许外部访问
update user set host = '%' where user = 'user1';
#刷新
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
15.添加开机自启
chkconfig --add mysql
16.End
!!!不要忘了在阿里云的安全组中开放3306端口!!!