类模板案例-自定义数据类型的数组封装

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class Arry
{
public:
	Arry(int m_c)//构造函数，初始化对象
	{
		//cout << "有参构造函数正在调用" << endl;
		this->m_capacity = m_c;
		this->m_size = 0;
		this->m_a = new T[this->m_capacity];
	}
	Arry(const Arry &arr)//拷贝构造函数，可将数组A中的元素全部拷贝到数组B中
	{
		
	//	cout << "拷贝函数正在调用" << endl;
		this->m_capacity = arr.m_capacity;
		this->m_size = arr.m_size;
		this->m_a = new T[arr.m_capacity];
		for (int i = 0; i < this->m_size; i++)
		{
			this->m_a[i] = arr.m_a[i];
		}
	}
	Arry& operator=(const Arry& arr)//=运算符重载，与拷贝构造函数作用相似，但是拷贝前需先将目标对象数组中的内容清空
	{
	//	cout << "重载函数正在调用" << endl;
		if (this->m_a != NULL)//清空目标对象中的内容
		{
			delete[] this->m_a;
			this->m_a = NULL;
			this->m_capacity = 0;
			this->m_size = 0;
		}
		this->m_capacity = arr.m_capacity;
		this->m_size = arr.m_size;
		this->m_a = new T[arr.m_capacity];
		for (int i = 0; i < this->m_size; i++)
		{
			this->m_a[i] = arr.m_a[i];
		}
		return *this;
	}
	~Arry()
	{
		//cout << "析构函数正在调用" << endl;
		if (this->m_a != NULL)
		{
			delete[] this->m_a;
			this->m_a = NULL;
		}
	}

	void insert(const T& a)//尾插法插入数据
	{
		if (this->m_size == this->m_capacity)
		{
			cout << "内存已满" << endl;
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			this->m_a[this->m_size] = a;
			this->m_size++;
		}
	}
	void Delete()//尾删法删除数据
	{
		if (this->m_size == 0)
		{
			cout << "数据为0" << endl;
			return;
		}
		this->m_size--;
	}
	T& operator[](int i)//[]重载中括号
	{
		return this->m_a[i];
	}
	int getca()//获取数组容量
	{
		return this->m_capacity;
	}
	int getsize()//获取数组中元素个数
	{
		return this->m_size;
	}
	void show(const Arry arr, int size)//打印内置数据类型的数组元素
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
			cout << "arr[" << i << "]=" << arr.m_a[i] << endl;
		}
	}
private:
	T* m_a;//指向数组对象的指针
	int m_capacity;//数组最大容量
	int m_size;//数组当前元素个数
};

void test1()//内置数据类型数组
{
	Arry<int> a1(5);
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		a1.insert(i);
    }

	a1.show(a1, a1.getsize());
	cout << "a1数组容量为：" << a1.getca() << endl;
	cout << "a1数组大小为：" << a1.getsize() << endl;
	cout << "************************************" << endl;
	Arry<int> a2(a1);
	a2.Delete();

	a2.show(a2, a2.getsize());
	cout << "a2数组容量为：" << a2.getca() << endl;
	cout << "a2数组大小为：" << a2.getsize() << endl;
	cout << "************************************" << endl;
}

class Person//自定义类
{
public:
	Person()//无参构造函数必需加，Arry中开辟内存空间少了这条会报错
	{

	}
	Person(string n, int a)//有参构造函数
	{
		this->name = n;
		this->age = a;
	}
	string name; 
	int age;
};
void showPerson(Arry<Person>& arr)//打印自定义数据类型数组元素
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.getsize(); i++)
	{
		cout << "姓名：" << arr[i].name <<"  年龄"<<arr[i].age<< endl;
	}
}
void test2()//自定义数据类型数据
{
	Arry<Person> p(5);
	Person p1("张三",18);
	Person p2("李四", 19);
	Person p3("王五", 20);
	p.insert(p1);
	p.insert(p2);
	p.insert(p3);
	showPerson(p);

}
int main()
{
	test1();
	test2();
	return 0;
}