【python】列表中多个嵌套字典，根据key进行排序

需求：
有一个字典：

demo_dict = [
    {"zhangsan": [{"age": 18, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 20, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 22, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhaoqi": [{"age": 29, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 24, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 26, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhouliu": [{"age": 39, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 36, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 37, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"wangwu": [{"age": 49, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 25, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 51, "add": "bj"}]},
]

我想按优先级顺序进行排序，排序规则是：

order_list = ["wangwu", "zhaoqi", "zhouliu", "zhangsan"]

同时不改变原始数据；

一句话需求总结：
按照 order_list 的顺序来排列 demo_dict 中每个 key 对应的列表，而不需要改变原始数据的结构。

给出代码实现：

demo_dict = [
    {"zhangsan": [{"age": 18, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 20, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 22, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhaoqi": [{"age": 29, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 24, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 26, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhouliu": [{"age": 39, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 36, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 37, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"wangwu": [{"age": 49, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 25, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 51, "add": "bj"}]},
]

order_list = ["wangwu", "zhaoqi", "zhouliu", "zhangsan"]

# 首先，我们将 demo_dict 中的每个条目按照 order_list 的顺序进行排序
sorted_dict = sorted(demo_dict, key=lambda x: order_list.index(list(x.keys())[0]))

# 然后，我们将排序后的条目合并成一个列表
sorted_list = []
for key in order_list:
    sorted_list.append({key: sorted_dict[i][key] for i, entry in enumerate(sorted_dict) if key in entry})

print(sorted_list)

思路：

• 首先，按照 order_list 的顺序对 demo_dict 中的每个条目进行排序。
• 然后，我们遍历排序后的条目，将每个 key 对应的列表信息合并到 sorted_list 中。

输出结果：

[{‘wangwu’: [{‘age’: 49, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 25, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 51, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhaoqi’: [{‘age’: 29, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 24, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 26, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhouliu’: [{‘age’: 39, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 36, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 37, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhangsan’: [{‘age’: 18, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 20, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 22, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}]

运行上述代码后，你将得到一个按照 order_list 顺序排列的列表，其中每个条目都是一个包含 key 和对应列表信息的字典。

升级需求
原来的排序列表中的每个值都是demo_dict的key，如果只想让少数几个放在前面，其他的放后面就行了，做一些改动和优化：

demo_dict = [
    {"zhangsan": [{"age": 18, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 20, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 22, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhaoqi": [{"age": 29, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 24, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 26, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"zhouliu": [{"age": 39, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 36, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 37, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"wangwu": [{"age": 49, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 25, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 51, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"tianqi": [{"age": 59, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 55, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 54, "add": "bj"}]},
    {"heizi": [{"age": 69, "add": "sh"}, {"age": 65, "add": "gz"}, {"age": 61, "add": "bj"}]},
]

order_list = ["wangwu", "zhaoqi", "zhouliu", "zhangsan"]

# 首先，将 demo_dict 中的所有键提取出来
all_keys = [key for entry in demo_dict for key in entry.keys()]

# 然后，将这些键按照 order_list 的顺序进行排序
sorted_keys = sorted(all_keys, key=lambda x: order_list.index(x) if x in order_list else len(order_list))

# 最后，我们将排序后的键对应的列表添加到 sorted_list 中
sorted_list = []
for key in sorted_keys:
    for person_info in demo_dict:
        if key in person_info:
            sorted_list.append({key: person_info[key]})
            break
print("xxx", sorted_list)

输出结果：

xxx [{‘wangwu’: [{‘age’: 49, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 25, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 51, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhaoqi’: [{‘age’: 29, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 24, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 26, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhouliu’: [{‘age’: 39, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 36, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 37, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘zhangsan’: [{‘age’: 18, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 20, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 22, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘tianqi’: [{‘age’: 59, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 55, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 54, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}, {‘heizi’: [{‘age’: 69, ‘add’: ‘sh’}, {‘age’: 65, ‘add’: ‘gz’}, {‘age’: 61, ‘add’: ‘bj’}]}]