requests库的基本使用

基本的get请求

response = requests.get(url)

带参数的get请求

data = {}

response = requests.get(url, params=data)

直接解析json数据

response = requests.get(url)

print(response.json())

获取二进制数据

response = requests.get(url)

print(response.content)

添加headers

headers = {

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'

}

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

基本的post请求

data = {}      --请求体

headers = {}      --请求头

response = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)

response属性

状态码------response.status_code

响应头------response.headers

cookies------response.cookies

url------response.url

历史记录------response.history

文件上传

files = {'file': open("E:/imgs/01.jpg",'rb')}

response = requests.post(url, files=files)

print(response.text)

维持会话

s = requests.Session()      ------创建session对象用来存储会话信息

s.get('www.baidu.com')      ------访问百度之后，所有的session信息就被放在session对象中了

response = s.get(url)      ------使用session对象访问百度的其他子页面时，就相当于携带session访问了

print(response.text) 

证书验证

response = requests.get(url, verify=False)    ------默认为True，开启证书验证

response = requests.get(url, cert=['',''])      ------使用本地证书

代理设置

proxies = {"http":"ip"，"https":"ip"}

response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)

超时设置

resposne = requests.get(url, timeout = 1)

认证设置

 #如果需要用户名和密码才能登陆网站，则需要认证设置auth=()
import requests
response = requests.get(url,auth=('user','password')) 
 #或者
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
response = requests.get(url,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user','password'))

异常处理

from requests.exceptions import HTTPError,...