50道sql练习题详解版含每题结题思路

   

 

  mysql学起来很容易，但是最难的还是多表的联合查询，理解复杂的业务逻辑是关键，下面这些题使用的是mysql数据库，建表语法也是按照mysql的语法来的

 

 

1、创建表和插入数据：

-- 教师表
CREATE TABLE teacher(
    tno INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    tname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(1,'张老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(2,'王老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(3,'李老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(4,'赵老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(5,'刘老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(6,'向老师');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(7,'李文静');
INSERT INTO teacher(tno,tname)VALUES(8,'叶平');

-- 学生表
CREATE TABLE student(
    sno int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    sname varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    sage datetime NOT NULL,
    ssex char(2) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(1,'张三','1980-1-23','男');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(2,'李四','1982-12-12','男');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(3,'张飒','1981-9-9','男');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(4,'莉莉','1983-3-23','女');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(5,'王弼','1982-6-21','男');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(6,'王丽','1984-10-10','女');
INSERT INTO student(sno,sname,sage,ssex) VALUES(7,'刘香','1980-12-22','女');

-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE course(
    cno int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    cname nvarchar(20) NOT NULL,
    tno int NOT NULL
);

-- 添加外键
ALTER TABLE course
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_course_teacher
FOREIGN KEY (tno) REFERENCES teacher (tno);

insert into course(cno,cname,tno) values(1,'企业管理',3);
insert into course(cno,cname,tno) values(2,'马克思',1);
insert into course(cno,cname,tno) values(3,'UML',2);
insert into course(cno,cname,tno) values(4,'数据库',5);
insert into course(cno,cname,tno) values(5,'物理',8);

-- 创建成绩表
CREATE TABLE sc(
    sno int NOT NULL,
    cno int NOT NULL,
    score int NOT NULL
);

ALTER TABLE sc
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_sc_course
FOREIGN KEY (cno) REFERENCES course (cno);

ALTER TABLE sc
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_sc_student
FOREIGN KEY (sno) REFERENCES student (sno);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(1,1,80);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(1,2,86);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(1,3,83);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(1,4,89);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(2,1,50);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(2,2,36);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(2,3,43);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(2,4,59);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(3,1,50);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(3,2,96);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(3,3,73);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(3,4,69);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(4,1,90);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(4,2,36);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(4,3,88);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(4,4,99);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(5,1,90);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(5,2,96);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(5,3,98);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(5,4,99);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(6,1,70);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(6,2,66);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(6,3,58);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(6,4,79);

INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(7,1,80);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(7,2,76);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(7,3,68);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(7,4,59);
INSERT INTO sc(sno,cno,score)VALUES(7,5,89);

2、练习题

-- 1、查询课程1的成绩 比 课程2的成绩 高 的所有学生的学号；
-- 思路：子查询 + 表的别名 + 联结 + 过滤
-- given answer
SELECT a.sno FROM
(SELECT sno,score FROM sc WHERE cno=1) AS a,
(SELECT sno,score FROM sc WHERE cno=2) AS b
WHERE a.score>b.score AND a.sno=b.sno;

-- my answer
SELECT a.sno 
	FROM 
	(SELECT sno,score FROM sc WHERE cno= 1) AS a,
	(SELECT sno,score FROM sc WHERE cno= 2) AS b
	WHERE a.sno = b.sno AND a.score > b.score;

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-- 2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩；
-- 思路：分组 + HAVING分组过滤
-- given answer
SELECT sno,AVG(score) AS sscore FROM sc GROUP BY sno HAVING AVG(score) >60;

-- my answer
SELECT sno, AVG(score) AS AVG
FROM sc
GROUP BY sno
HAVING AVG(score) > 60;

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-- 3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩；
-- 思路：联结 + 分组
-- given answer
SELECT a.sno AS 学号, b.sname AS 姓名,
COUNT(a.cno) AS 选课数, SUM(a.score) AS 总成绩
FROM sc a, student b
WHERE a.sno = b.sno
GROUP BY a.sno, b.sname;

-- my answer
SELECT sc.sno, s.sname, COUNT(sc.cno) AS totalnum, SUM(sc.score) AS totalscore
FROM sc, student AS s
WHERE sc.sno = s.sno
GROUP BY sc.sno;

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-- 4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数；
-- 思路：通配符的使用
-- given answer
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(tname)) FROM teacher WHERE tname LIKE '李%';

-- my answer
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT tname) AS 姓“李”的老师的个数
FROM teacher
WHERE tname LIKE '李%';

-- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-- 5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名；
-- 思路：找出学过“叶平”老师课的同学，然后用NOT IN
-- given answer
SELECT student.sno,student.sname FROM student
WHERE sno NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT(sc.sno) FROM sc,course,teacher
WHERE sc.cno=course.cno AND teacher.tno=course.tno AND teacher.tname='叶平');

-- my answer
SELECT s.sno, s.sname
FROM student AS s
WHERE s.sno NOT IN (SELECT sc.sno
					FROM sc, teacher AS t, course AS c
					WHERE sc.cno = c.cno
					AND c.tno = t.tno
					AND t.tname='叶平');

------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 6、查询同时学过课程1和课程2的同学的学号、姓名；
-- 思路：IN 的 交集
-- given answer
SELECT sno, sname FROM student
WHERE sno IN (SELECT sno FROM sc WHERE sc.cno = 1)
AND sno IN (SELECT sno FROM sc WHERE sc.cno = 2);

-- my answer
SELECT sno, sname
FROM student
WHERE sno IN (SELECT a.sno
			  FROM (SELECT sno
					FROM sc