SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA实现增删改查

根据springboot模板创建项目

访问Spring Initializr:https://start.spring.io/,填好后点击Generate - Ctrl ,下载后解压到工作目录,IDEA打开项目

打开之后配置Maven:File---Settings,搜索maven,选择所在maven目录

选择Jdk:打开Project Structure,选择jdk,我的是1.8

pom.xml文件导入Swagger和JPA的依赖,选择web

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example.springdatajpa</groupId>
	<artifactId>springdatajpa</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springdatajpa</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>

        <!-- swagger -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jpa -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

swagger 配置:springdatajpa下新建config文件夹,在里面创建个SwaggerConfig类

package com.example.springdatajpa.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {

    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi(){
        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).apiInfo(apiInfo())
                .select()
                .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.any())
                .paths(PathSelectors.any()).build();
    }

    private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
        return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                .title("SpringBoot API Doc")
                .description("This is a restful api document of Spring Data Jpa.")
                .version("1.0")
                .build();
    }

}

在config里再新建个PageQuery类用于封装分页请求

package com.example.springdatajpa.config;
/**
 * 分页请求
 */
public class PageQuery {
    /**
     * 当前页码
     */
    private int pageNum;
    /**
     * 每页数量
     */
    private int pageSize;

    public int getPageNum() {
        return pageNum;
    }
    public void setPageNum(int pageNum) {
        this.pageNum = pageNum;
    }
    public int getPageSize() {
        return pageSize;
    }
    public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {
        this.pageSize = pageSize;
    }
}

配置数据源:把application.properties文件改名为application.yml

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  datasource:
    driverClassName: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springdatajpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    show-sql: true # 默认false,在日志里显示执行的sql语句
    database: mysql
    hibernate.ddl-auto: update #指定为update,每次启动项目检测表结构有变化的时候会新增字段,表不存在时会新建,如果指定create,则每次启动项目都会清空数据并删除表,再新建
    properties.hibernate.dialect: org.hibernate.diale ct.MySQL5Dialect
    database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
    hibernate:
      naming:
        implicit-strategy: org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.ImplicitNamingStrategyLegacyJpaImpl #指定jpa的自动表生成策略,驼峰自动映射为下划线格式
        #physical-strategy: org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl

创建目录结构:springdatajpa目录下新建model,controller,service,serviceImpl,dao目录结构,分别在底下新建对应的类和接口

model下SysUser

package com.example.springdatajpa.model;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "sys_user", indexes = {@Index(name = "id", columnList = "id", unique = true), @Index(name = "name ", columnList = "name", unique = true)})
public class SysUser {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    // @Column: 对应数据库列名,可选, nullable 是否可以为空, 默认true
    @Column(name = "name", nullable = false)
    private String name;

    private String password;

    private String email;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
}

controller下SysUserController

package com.example.springdatajpa.controller;

import com.example.springdatajpa.config.PageQuery;
import com.example.springdatajpa.model.SysUser;
import com.example.springdatajpa.service.SysUserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class SysUserController {

    @Autowired
    private SysUserService sysUserService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/save")
    public Object save(@RequestBody SysUser sysUser) {
        sysUserService.save(sysUser);
        return 200;
    }

    @PostMapping(value = "/delete")
    public Object delete(@RequestBody SysUser sysUser) {
        sysUserService.delete(sysUser);
        return 200;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/findAll")
    public Object findAll() {
        return sysUserService.findAll();
    }

    @PostMapping(value = "/findPage")
    public Object findPage(@RequestBody PageQuery pageQuery) {
        return sysUserService.findPage(pageQuery);
    }

}

service下SysUserService

package com.example.springdatajpa.service;

import com.example.springdatajpa.config.PageQuery;
import com.example.springdatajpa.model.SysUser;

import java.util.List;

public interface SysUserService {

    public void save(SysUser sysUser);

    public void delete(SysUser sysUser);

    public List<SysUser> findAll();

    public Object findPage(PageQuery pageQuery);

}

serviceImpl下SysUserServiceImpl

package com.example.springdatajpa.service.serviceImpl;

import com.example.springdatajpa.config.PageQuery;
import com.example.springdatajpa.dao.SysUserDao;
import com.example.springdatajpa.model.SysUser;
import com.example.springdatajpa.service.SysUserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class SysUserServiceImpl implements SysUserService {

    @Autowired
    private SysUserDao sysUserDao;

    @Override
    public void save(SysUser sysUser){
        sysUserDao.save(sysUser);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(SysUser sysUser){
        sysUserDao.delete(sysUser);
    }

    @Override
    public List<SysUser> findAll(){
        return sysUserDao.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public Object findPage(PageQuery pageQuery){
        return sysUserDao.findAll(PageRequest.of(pageQuery.getPageNum(),pageQuery.getPageSize()));
    }

}

dao下SysUserDao,继承了JpaRepository,里面不用写任何方法

package com.example.springdatajpa.dao;

import com.example.springdatajpa.model.SysUser;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import java.io.Serializable;

public interface SysUserDao extends JpaRepository<SysUser, Long>, Serializable {
}

启动项目,访问http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html,如下界面

点击sys-user-controller下的save,展开后点击Try it out

输入参数信息,点击Execute

成功

其他的方法就不一一试了.....来了解一下Spring Data JPA

Spring Data JPA为Java Persistence API(JPA)提供了存储库支持。它简化了需要访问JPA数据源的应用程序的开发。

Spring Data存储库抽象中的中央接口是Repository。它需要域类以及域类的ID类型作为类型参数来进行管理。该CrudRepository规定对于正在管理的实体类复杂的CRUD功能。

CrudRepository界面

public interface CrudRepository<T, ID> extends Repository<T, ID> {

  <S extends T> S save(S entity);      

  Optional<T> findById(ID primaryKey); 

  Iterable<T> findAll();               

  long count();                        

  void delete(T entity);               

  boolean existsById(ID primaryKey);   

  // … more functionality omitted.
}
save保存给定的实体。
findById返回由给定ID标识的实体。
findAll返回所有实体。
count返回实体数。
delete删除给定的实体。
existsById指示是否存在具有给定ID的实体。

还提供了特定于持久性技术的抽象,例如JpaRepositoryMongoRepository。这些接口CrudRepository除了扩展了与持久性技术无关的通用接口(例如)之外,还扩展并公开了基础持久性技术的功能CrudRepository

PagingAndSortingRepository界面,实现了排序和分页的方法

public interface PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID> extends CrudRepository<T, ID> {

  Iterable<T> findAll(Sort sort);

  Page<T> findAll(Pageable pageable);
}

JpaRepository又在继承PagingAndSortingRepository的基础上,同时继承了QueryByExampleExecutor接口

JpaRepository界面

package org.springframework.data.jpa.repository;

import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Example;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.repository.NoRepositoryBean;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor;

/**
 * JPA specific extension of {@link org.springframework.data.repository.Repository}.
 *
 * @author Oliver Gierke
 * @author Christoph Strobl
 * @author Mark Paluch
 */
@NoRepositoryBean
public interface JpaRepository<T, ID> extends PagingAndSortingRepository<T, ID>, QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#findAll()
     */
    List<T> findAll();

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Sort)
     */
    List<T> findAll(Sort sort);

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#findAll(java.lang.Iterable)
     */
    List<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> ids);

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#save(java.lang.Iterable)
     */
    <S extends T> List<S> saveAll(Iterable<S> entities);

    /**
     * Flushes all pending changes to the database.
     */
    void flush();

    /**
     * Saves an entity and flushes changes instantly.
     *
     * @param entity
     * @return the saved entity
     */
    <S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S entity);

    /**
     * Deletes the given entities in a batch which means it will create a single {@link Query}. Assume that we will clear
     * the {@link javax.persistence.EntityManager} after the call.
     *
     * @param entities
     */
    void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> entities);

    /**
     * Deletes all entities in a batch call.
     */
    void deleteAllInBatch();

    /**
     * Returns a reference to the entity with the given identifier. Depending on how the JPA persistence provider is
     * implemented this is very likely to always return an instance and throw an
     * {@link javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException} on first access. Some of them will reject invalid identifiers
     * immediately.
     *
     * @param id must not be {@literal null}.
     * @return a reference to the entity with the given identifier.
     * @see EntityManager#getReference(Class, Object) for details on when an exception is thrown.
     */
    T getOne(ID id);

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Example)
     */
    @Override
    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example);

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Example, org.springframework.data.domain.Sort)
     */
    @Override
    <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Sort sort);
}

SysUserDao继承了JpaRepository,因而可以使用JpaRepository之上的所有接口,由此更加方便我们进行开发

spring data jpa方法命名规则,直接在接口中定义查询方法,如果是符合规范的,可以不用写实现

关键字方法命名sql where字句
AndfindByNameAndPwdwhere name= ? and pwd =?
OrfindByNameOrSexwhere name= ? or sex=?
Is,EqualsfindById,findByIdEqualswhere id= ?
BetweenfindByIdBetweenwhere id between ? and ?
LessThanfindByIdLessThanwhere id < ?
LessThanEqualsfindByIdLessThanEqualswhere id <= ?
GreaterThanfindByIdGreaterThanwhere id > ?
GreaterThanEqualsfindByIdGreaterThanEqualswhere id > = ?
AfterfindByIdAfterwhere id > ?
BeforefindByIdBeforewhere id < ?
IsNullfindByNameIsNullwhere name is null
isNotNull,NotNullfindByNameNotNullwhere name is not null
LikefindByNameLikewhere name like ?
NotLikefindByNameNotLikewhere name not like ?
StartingWithfindByNameStartingWithwhere name like '?%'
EndingWithfindByNameEndingWithwhere name like '%?'
ContainingfindByNameContainingwhere name like '%?%'
OrderByfindByIdOrderByXDescwhere id=? order by x desc
NotfindByNameNotwhere name <> ?
InfindByIdIn(Collection<?> c)where id in (?)
NotInfindByNameNotwhere name <> ?
TruefindByAaaTuewhere aaa = true
FalsefindByAaaFalsewhere aaa = false
IgnoreCasefindByNameIgnoreCasewhere UPPER(name)=UPPER(?)
topfindTop100top 10/where ROWNUM <=10
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