Python 基础学习Chapter6

基础知识

1. 列表是什么

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
print(biclye)

['lisy', 'cannondale', 'redline']

1.1 访问列表元素

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
print(biclye[0])

lisy

1.2 索引从0而不是1开始

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
print(biclye[1])

cannondale

1.3 索引可以为负值

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
print(biclye[-1])

redline

2.列表中的方法

2.1 添加元素

2.1.1 在列表末尾插入从末尾插入

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
biclye.append("ducati")
print(biclye)

['lisy', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'ducati']

2.1.2 在列表中间插入

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
biclye.insert(2,'jack')
print(biclye)

['lisy', 'cannondale', 'jack', 'redline']

3. 删除元素

3.1 del删除

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']
del biclye[0]
print(biclye)

['cannondale', 'redline']

3.2 pop删除

biclye = ['lisy','cannondale','redline']

# pop的返回值是删除的元素，默认从末尾删除

poped_motorcycles = biclye.pop()  
print(biclye)
print(poped_motorcycles)

['lisy', 'cannondale']
redline

练习题

1.列表去重

city = [‘上海’, “广州”, “上海”, “成都”, “上海”, “上海”, “北京”, “上海”, “广州”, “北京”, “上海”]

（1）以city列表为操作数据，对列表数据进行去重处理

（2）打印输出去重后的列表

city = ['上海', "广州", "上海", "成都", "上海", "上海", "北京", "上海", "广州", "北京", "上海"] 
list = set(city)
print(list)

{'上海', '广州', '北京', '成都'}

2. 基本数值统计计算

from math import sqrt
def getn():
    nums=[]
    str=input("请输入数字（回车退出）:")
    while str!="":
        nums.append(eval(str))
        str=input("请输入数字（回车退出）:")
    return nums


def mide(num):
    s=0.0
    for n in num:
        s=s+n
    return s/len(num)

def dev(num,m):
    sd=0.0
    for n in num:
        sd=sd+(n-m)**2
    return sqrt(sd/(len(num)-1))

def med(num):
    new=sorted(num)
    lng=len(num)
    if lng%2==0:
        md=(new[lng//2-1]+new[lng//2])/2
    else:
        md=new[lng//2]
    return md
n=getn()
m=mide(n)
print("平均值：{},标准差：{:.2},中位数{}".format(m,dev(n,m),med(n)))

请输入数字（回车退出）:2
请输入数字（回车退出）:3
请输入数字（回车退出）:6
请输入数字（回车退出）:
平均值：3.6666666666666665,标准差：2.1,中位数3

3. 数据清洗

去除数据中的空字符串、None、特殊符号等，只留下单词及序号,并去重。

原始数据：

[" pizza,100001"," None"," alex,100002 “,“egon,100003”,” ",“egg,100004+pig,100005”]

清洗后数据：

[‘pizza,100001’, ‘pig,100005’, ‘alex,100002’, ‘egg,100004’, ‘egon,100003’]

content=["  pizza,100001","  None","   alex,100002   ","egon,100003","  ","egg,100004+pig,100005"]
total_list=[]
for i in content:
    temp_str=i.strip()
    if temp_str=="None"or temp_str=="":
        pass
    else:
        listl = temp_str .split("+")
        total_list.extend(listl)
new_list = list(set(total_list))
print(new_list)

['pizza,100001', 'alex,100002', 'egon,100003', 'egg,100004', 'pig,100005']

4. 密码生成器

密码必须包含大小写字母、特殊字符、数字 p密码位数：8-20位不等

要求同时产生100个密码到列表

打印输出所有密码

import random
def password_generation(password_length):
    result = []
    for i in range(password_length):
        if i % 4 == 2:
            result.append(random.choice('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'))
        if i % 4 == 0:
            result.append(random.choice('1234567890'))
        if i % 4 == 1:
            result.append(random.choice('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'))
        if i % 4 == 3:
            result.append(random.choice('!$%()+,-.:;>?@[]`{}'))
    random.shuffle(result)
    result_str="".join(result)
    return result_str


def pwd_generation(num):
    pwd_list=[]
    for n in range(num):
        pwd_length=random.randint(8,21)
        pwd=password_generation(pwd_length)
        pwd_list.append(pwd)
    pwd_set=set(pwd_list)
    pwd_list1=list(pwd_set)
    return pwd_list1
pwd_list_make1=pwd_generation(100)
for pwd in pwd_list_make1:
    print(pwd)

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