IDL代码实现三种滤波方法（均值滤波 中值滤波 高斯滤波）对椒盐噪声的响应及对比分析

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1 添加椒盐噪声

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原始图像文件：

过程文件：

Pro add_saltpepper
;read image
filename=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Image:')
img=read_image(filename)
;add 13% salt and pepper noise
img_noise=saltpepper(img,0.12)

;get the size of image
sz=size(img)
;get the image's numbers of columns and rows
sum_columns=sz[1] & sum_rows=sz[2]
;creat a window which can contain 2 images and some text
win1=window(dimension=[sum_columns*2+10,sum_rows+50])
;set the attributes of first image,containing position and so on
img1=image(img,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
;set the attributes of second image,containing position and so on
img2=image(img_noise,position=[sum_columns+10,50,sum_columns*2+10-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
;set the title of first image
text1=text(sum_columns/2,20,'Lena Original Image',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
;set the title of second image
text2=text(sum_columns*1.5+20,20,'Image Containing 12% Salt & Pepper Noise',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
result=dialog_write_image(img_noise,filename=Lena_noise,type='jpeg',/fix_type,path='V:\Images',title='Save Image File:')

End

函数文件：

Function saltpepper,img,rate
;create a random array which is the same number as the image
num_array=n_elements(img)
random_array=randomu(sends,num_array)
;sort the random array
sort_array=sort(random_array)
;make the value of pepper noise be 0 and the value of salt noise be 255,each half
result=img
result[sort_array[0:num_array*rate/2-1]]=0
result[sort_array[num_array*rate/2:num_array*rate-1]]=255
return,result

End

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2 图像去噪

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（1）均值滤波

Pro img_smooth
;read image
;filename1=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Original Image:')
filename2=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Noise Image:')
;img=read_image(filename1)
img_noise=read_image(filename2)

;get the size of image
sz=size(img_noise)
;get the image's numbers of columns and rows
sum_columns=sz[1] & sum_rows=sz[2]
;mean smoothed of 5*5 window
img_smooth_5=smooth(img_noise,5)
;creat a window which can contain 3 images and some text
win1=window(dimension=[sum_columns*2+10,sum_rows+50])

;set the attributes of first image,containing position and so on
;img1=image(img,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
;set the attributes of second image,containing position and so on
img2=image(img_noise,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
;set the attributes of third image,containing position and so on
img3=image(img_smooth_5,position=[sum_columns+10,50,sum_columns*2+10-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)

;set the title of first image
;text1=text(sum_columns/2,20,'Lena Original Image',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
;set the title of second image
text2=text(sum_columns*0.5,20,'Image Containing 12% Salt & Pepper Noise',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
;set the title of first image
text1=text(sum_columns*1.5+10,20,'Lena Image After Smooth',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
;save the smooth image
result=dialog_write_image(img_smooth_5,filename=Lena_smooth,type='jpeg',/fix_type,path='V:\Images',title='Save Image File:')
End

代码：

;mean smoothed of 5*5 window
img_smooth_5=smooth(img_noise,5)

中可以修改滤波窗口大小，可以看出，窗口越大，去噪效果越好，但图像越模糊。

3x3窗口：

5x5窗口：

9x9窗口：

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（2）中值滤波

Pro img_median
  ;read image
  ;filename1=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Original Image:')
  filename2=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Noise Image:')
  ;img=read_image(filename1)
  img_noise=read_image(filename2)

  ;get the size of image
  sz=size(img_noise)
  ;get the image's numbers of columns and rows
  sum_columns=sz[1] & sum_rows=sz[2]
  ;mean medianed of 5*5 window
  img_median_5=median(img_noise,5)
  ;creat a window which can contain 3 images and some text
  win1=window(dimension=[sum_columns*2+10,sum_rows+50])

  ;set the attributes of first image,containing position and so on
  ;img1=image(img,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
  ;set the attributes of second image,containing position and so on
  img2=image(img_noise,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
  ;set the attributes of third image,containing position and so on
  img3=image(img_median_5,position=[sum_columns+10,50,sum_columns*2+10-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)

  ;set the title of first image
  ;text1=text(sum_columns/2,20,'Lena Original Image',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;set the title of second image
  text2=text(sum_columns*0.5,20,'Image Containing 12% Salt & Pepper Noise',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;set the title of first image
  text1=text(sum_columns*1.5+10,20,'Lena Image After Median',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;save the median image
  result=dialog_write_image(img_median_5,filename=Lena_median,type='jpeg',/fix_type,path='V:\Images',title='Save Image File:')
End

代码：

;mean medianed of 5*5 window
img_median_5=median(img_noise,5)

中可以修改滤波窗口大小，可以看出，窗口越大，去噪效果越好，但图像越模糊。

3x3窗口：

5x5窗口：

9x9窗口：

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（3）高斯滤波
利用卷积运算自定义高斯卷积核进行图像滤波去噪：

Pro img_convol_gauss
  ;read image
  ;filename1=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Original Image:')
  filename2=dialog_pickfile(title='Please Choose the Noise Image:')
  ;img=read_image(filename1)
  img_noise=read_image(filename2)

  ;get the size of image
  sz=size(img_noise)
  ;get the image's numbers of columns and rows
  sum_columns=sz[1] & sum_rows=sz[2]
  ;define the kernel of convol
  kernel=[[1,4,7,4,1],[4,16,26,16,4],[7,26,41,26,7],[4,16,26,16,4],[1,4,7,4,1]]/273.0
  ;mean smoothed of 5*5 window
  img_convol=convol(float(img_noise),kernel,/edge_truncate)
  ;creat a window which can contain 3 images and some text
  win1=window(dimension=[sum_columns*2+10,sum_rows+50])

  ;set the attributes of first image,containing position and so on
  ;img1=image(img,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
  ;set the attributes of second image,containing position and so on
  img2=image(img_noise,position=[0,50,sum_columns-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)
  ;set the attributes of third image,containing position and so on
  img3=image(img_convol,position=[sum_columns+10,50,sum_columns*2+10-1,sum_rows+50-1],/device,/current)

  ;set the title of first image
  ;text1=text(sum_columns/2,20,'Lena Original Image',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;set the title of second image
  text2=text(sum_columns*0.5,20,'Image Containing 12% Salt & Pepper Noise',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;set the title of first image
  text1=text(sum_columns*1.5+10,20,'Lena Image After Gauss',target=win1,alignment=0.5,/device)
  ;save the gauss image
  result=dialog_write_image(img_convol,filename=Lena_gauss,type='jpeg',/fix_type,path='V:\Images',title='Save Image File:')
End

利用卷积运算自定义高斯卷积核进行图像滤波去噪，卷积核为：

;define the kernel of convol
kernel=[[1,4,7,4,1],[4,16,26,16,4],[7,26,41,26,7],[4,16,26,16,4],[1,4,7,4,1]]/273.0

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结论

综上，可以看出，三种滤波方法（均值滤波，中值滤波，高斯滤波）对椒盐噪声的响应各有不同，其中中值滤波最适合去除椒盐噪声，而且效果最好。这取决于其卷积核特性，对每个窗口的像素值取其中间值，可以直接利用窗口内的正常像素替换椒盐噪声这种突变式影响，更有利于填补这些缺口，优化图像。此图中5*5窗口效果良好，既有更好的去噪效果，且不易模糊图像。

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