Python 列表解析

列表解析基本语法：

[expr for iter_var in iterable]

这个语句的核心是for循环，它迭代iterable对象的所有条目。列表解析可以有效的替代lambda。

>>> map(lambda x: x**2, range(6))
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
>>> [x ** 2 for x in range(6)]
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

使运行效率更高。

结合if语句，

[expr for iter_var in iterable if cond_expr]

>>> s = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 7, 31, 99]
>>> filter(lambda x: x%2, s)
[1, 3, 5, 7, 31, 99]

完全可以用列表解析替代

>>> [i for i in s if i%2]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 31, 99]

矩阵样例

>>> [(x + 1, y + 1) for x in range(3) for y in range(3)]
[(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3)]
>>> [(x, y) for x in range(3) for y in range(3)]
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)]

磁盘文件样例

f = open('xxx.txt', 'r')
len([word for line in f for word in line.split()])#循环遍历所有行和所有单词

计算单词个数

f.seek(0)
sum([len(word) for line in f for word in line.split()])

回到文件开头，计算单词所有单词长度。

列表解析实现99乘法表

print('\n'.join([''.join(['%s*%s=%-2s '%(y,x,x*y)for y in range(1,x+1)])for x in range(1,10)]))