Spring配置文件搭配注解赋值的几种方式

1. @ConfigurationProperties

下面是application.yaml配置文件

dog:
  name: 154@qq.com${random.uuid}
  age: ${random.int}

people:
  age: 17
  dog:
    name: 小王
    age: 3
  list:
    - a
    - b
  map: {k: s, v: b}

下面是People.java

@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "people") // 读取配置文件内容
public class People {
    @Value("小帅") // 配置文件里没有这一项，直接赋值
    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private Dog dog;

    private List<String> list;

    private Map<String, String> map;
}

为了支持@ConfigurationProperties，需要加入依赖

<dependency>
	 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	 <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
	 <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

2. @Value

下面是cat.properties配置文件

name=xiaoming

下面是cat.java

@Component
@Data
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:cat.properties") // 指定配置文件路径
public class Cat {
    @Value("${name}") // 正则表达式取值
    private String name;
}

3. @Validated

下面是Dog.java

@Component
@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "dog")
@Validated
public class Dog {
    @Email // 可以配置message报错信息
    private String name;

    private Integer age;
}

配置文件yaml如上所示
@Email可以指定name的格式
如需支持，最新版本SpringBoot中需要添加依赖

 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
 </dependency>