RedHat7.9安装mysql8.0.32 ↝ 二进制方式

一、rpm方式安装

1、检查是否安装了mariadb

检查linux中是否安装了mariadb，先卸载mariadb， 避免与安装mysql发生冲突。

[root@db-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
[root@db-server ~]# 

卸载清除： rpm -e 文件名 或者 yum -y remove 文件名

[root@db-server ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
[root@db-server ~]# 
[root@db-server ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb  

或者使用:

yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

2、下载mysqlmysql8.0.32

官网地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

3、上传解压

[root@db-server ~]# ll
total 982092
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1005660160 Jul 29 14:05 mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@db-server ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
[root@db-server ~]# ll
total 1964176
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1005660160 Jul 29 14:05 mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  610315332 Dec 17  2022 mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   17127660 Dec 17  2022 mysql-router-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  378207988 Dec 17  2022 mysql-test-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz


###继续解压tar.xz文件
[root@db-server ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

4、创建安装目录，拷贝解压后的文件至安装目录/usr/local/mysql8.0/

[root@db-server ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql8.0
[root@db-server ~]# mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql8.0/

[root@db-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql8.0/
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# ll
total 296
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 Dec 17  2022 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     56 Dec 17  2022 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 7161 31415   4096 Dec 17  2022 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 7161 31415    201 Dec 17  2022 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 283374 Dec 16  2022 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 7161 31415     30 Dec 17  2022 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    666 Dec 16  2022 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 7161 31415   4096 Dec 17  2022 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415     77 Dec 17  2022 support-files
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

5、创建相关目录，开始安装

可以根据自己安装规划进行创建，初始化MySQL时指定你创建的有关目录即可。

[root@db-server mysql8.0]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql8.0/data
[root@db-server mysql8.0]#  
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql8.0/log
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# touch /usr/local/mysql8.0/log/mysqld.log
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

6、创建mysql组和用户

[root@db-server mysql8.0]# groupadd mysql
[root@db-server mysql8.0]#
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

7、更改安装目录归属

chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0/
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0/

或者使用：
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0

[root@db-server mysql8.0]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# ll
total 296
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql      6 Jul 29 14:18 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     56 Dec 17  2022 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 mysql mysql    201 Dec 17  2022 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 283374 Dec 16  2022 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     24 Jul 29 14:18 log
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql     30 Dec 17  2022 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    666 Dec 16  2022 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     77 Dec 17  2022 support-files
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

8、初始化MySQL

[root@db-server mysql8.0]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/data --initialize

2023-07-29T06:26:23.438791Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 1858
2023-07-29T06:26:23.446856Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-07-29T06:26:23.935723Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-07-29T06:26:24.856531Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Rr8mh_%ysuqZ
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

9、配置MySQL

解决---mysql初始化后未找到配置文件:

使用指令./mysql --help | grep my.cnf 查看配置文件的读取顺序,一般默认优先读取/etc/my.cnf，若/etc/my.cnf文件不存在则需要新建该文件。

#查询相关配置文件读取顺序
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# ./bin/mysql --help | grep my.cnf 
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# 

#直接在/etc下新建my.cnf文件，写入配置内容

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0
socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql8.0/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[client]
socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock

10、启动MySQL

[root@db-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql8.0/
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# ll
total 300
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  7 mysql mysql   4096 Jul 29 14:26 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     56 Dec 17  2022 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 mysql mysql    201 Dec 17  2022 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 283374 Dec 16  2022 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     24 Jul 29 14:18 log
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql     30 Dec 17  2022 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    666 Dec 16  2022 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql   4096 Dec 17  2022 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     77 Dec 17  2022 support-files
[root@db-server mysql8.0]# cd support-files/
[root@db-server support-files]# ll
total 20
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql  1061 Dec 16  2022 mysqld_multi.server
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2027 Dec 17  2022 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 10576 Dec 17  2022 mysql.server
[root@db-server support-files]# sh mysql.server start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@db-server support-files]# 

查看MySQL服务是否启动成功：

[root@db-server support-files]# sh mysql.server status
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (2604)
[root@db-server support-files]# 

11、配置环境变量

[root@db-server support-files]# vi /etc/profile

添加内容：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

使配置生效：

[root@db-server support-files]# source /etc/profile

12、修改root密码

使用步骤8、初始化MySQL时产生的临时密码登录：Rr8mh_%ysuqZ

[root@db-server ~]# mysql -u root -p

修改mysql数据库密码报错：
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement.

解决：先刷新权限表

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'Zyl##123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

授权root远程登录会报错:原因：因为 MySQL8.0 以上将创建账户和赋予权限分开了，需要用两个语句创建账号，赋予远程权限；root用户禁止远程登录了。
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'IDENTIFIED BY 'Zyl##123456' WITH GRANT OPTION' at line 1

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%'IDENTIFIED BY 'Zyl##123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'IDENTIFIED BY 'Zyl##123456' WITH GRANT OPTION' at line 1
mysql> 

13、安装、开启密码校验插件

未安装前、返回空集合：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select plugin_name, plugin_status from information_schema.plugins where plugin_name like 'validate%';
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> install plugin validate_password soname 'validate_password.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

安装密码校验插件之后：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

14、修改密码规则（根据情况设置）

###有关参数详解
1、validate_password_policy 这个参数用于控制validate_password的验证策略 0-->low  1-->MEDIUM  2-->strong。

2、validate_password_length密码长度的最小值(这个值最小要是4)。

3、validate_password_number_count 密码中数字的最小个数。

4、validate_password_mixed_case_count大小写的最小个数。

5、validate_password_special_char_count 特殊字符的最小个数。

6、validate_password_dictionary_file 字典文件

本次环境设置：

mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.32    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

##验证策略强
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=strong;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##密码长度的最小值8
mysql> set global validate_password_length=8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##大小写的最小个数1
mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##密码中数字的最小个数1
mysql> set global validate_password_number_count=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

##特殊字符的最小个数1
mysql> set global validate_password_special_char_count=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

密码规则检查：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | STRONG |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

15、创建一个用户用于远程登录

MySQL8.0 以上将创建账户和赋予权限分开了，需要用两个语句创建账号，赋予远程权限；

###1、创建zyl用户用于远程登录
create user 'zyl'@'%' identified by 'Zyl##2023';


##2、授权远程登录
#仅授权某一个ip访问
grant all privileges on *.* to 'zyl'@'191.168.181.10' with grant option;
# 允许所有 ip 远程访问(不建议设置)，这里测试环境，允许所有ip访问
grant all privileges on *.* to 'zyl'@'%' with grant option;


###3、刷新（刷新后才生效）
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查看监听端口：

mysql> show variables like 'port';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          | 3306  |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

远程访问测试：

16、设置mysql服务开机自启

将/usr/local/mysql8.0/support-files/mysql.server 拷贝到/etc/init.d/mysqld目录。

[root@db-server ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql8.0/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl enable mysqld

##启动
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl start mysqld
##状态查看
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl status mysqld
##停止
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
##设置开机自启
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
##取消开机自启
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl disable mysqld

二、总结—温故知新

1、mysql8.0 详细安装步骤
2、环境变量配置
3、root用户密码修改
4、远程登录账户创建、授权
5、服务开机自启等设置