Spring Data 和Spring JPA

Spring Data

对于数据访问层，无论是SQL还是NOSQL，SpringBoot默认采用Spring Data的方式进行统一处理，添加大量自动配置，屏蔽了很多设置。引入各种xxxTemplate,xxxRepository来简化对数据访问层的操作，对我们来说只需要简单的设置即可。

1、操作数据库的步骤

• 创建一个项目
• 在pop.xml文件中加入相关的Jar包和数据量驱动以及数据库连接池

<!--SpringBoot的JDBC -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- mysql的连接驱动-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.21</version>
</dependency>

<!--mybatis -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>

• SpringBootv2.3.3.RELEASE，默认使用的是HiKariCP，以前的版本使用的Tomcat的数据源连接池，可以通过写一个配置类，更换数据源连接池（前提要在pop.xml文件中加入相关的连接池Jar包，以及在配置文件中加入数据源信息）

package com.database.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new  DruidDataSource();
    }

}

在执行初始化数据源的时候，会将指定格式的SQL语句执行，

//执行在classpath路径下的schema.sql或者是schema-all.sql文件，或者也可以将SQL语句放在classpath下的文件夹下，在通过在配置文件中设置DataSource的schema即可
spring:
  datasource:
    schema:
      - classpath:sql/department.sql #注意书写方式,-后面有一个空格,classpath:name.sql中间却没有空格
      - classpath:sql/employee.sql
    initialization-mode: always

class DataSourceInitializer {

   private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(DataSourceInitializer.class);

   private final DataSource dataSource;

   private final DataSourceProperties properties;

   private final ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
   
 ......
 private List<Resource> getScripts(String propertyName, List<String> resources, String fallback) {
		if (resources != null) {
			return getResources(propertyName, resources, true);
		}
		String platform = this.properties.getPlatform();
		List<String> fallbackResources = new ArrayList<>();
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + "-" + platform + ".sql");
		fallbackResources.add("classpath*:" + fallback + ".sql");
		return getResources(propertyName, fallbackResources, false);
	}

• SpringData特点

SPringData提供使用同意的挨批来对数据访问层进行操作，这主要是SpringData Commons项目来实现的，SpringData Commons使得在使用关系型和非关系型数据库都是基于Spring提供的统一的标准，（CURD，查询，排序和分页的功能）

• 统一的Repository接口

3、数据整合JPA

• 创建一个SpringBoot的maven项目，加上Spring JPA的依赖和JDBC，JavaWeb。

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <parent>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
          <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
      </parent>
      <groupId>com.SpringDataJPA</groupId>
      <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>demo</name>
      <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
  
      <properties>
          <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      </properties>
  
      <dependencies>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
          </dependency>
  
          <dependency>
              <groupId>mysql</groupId>
              <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          </dependency>
          <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              <scope>test</scope>
              <exclusions>
                  <exclusion>
                      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                  </exclusion>
              </exclusions>
          </dependency>
      </dependencies>
  
      <build>
          <plugins>
              <plugin>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              </plugin>
          </plugins>
      </build>
  
  </project>
  

• 创建一个实体类User

  package com.springdatajpa.bean;
  
  import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
  
  import javax.persistence.*;
  
  @Entity
  @Table(name = "department")
  @JsonIgnoreProperties({"hibernateLazyInitializer","handler"})
  public class User {
      @Id
      @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
      private Integer id;
  
      @Column
      private String name;
  
      @Column
      private String email;
  
  
      public Integer getId() {
          return id;
      }
  
      public void setId(Integer id) {
          this.id = id;
      }
  
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
  
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
  
      public String getEmail() {
          return email;
      }
  
      public void setEmail(String email) {
          this.email = email;
      }
  }
  

• 创建一个接口，继承JPARepository

  package com.springdatajpa.repository;
  
  import com.springdatajpa.bean.User;
  import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
  
  public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
  }
  

• 配置文件

  spring:
    datasource:
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/robin?useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      username: root
      password: root
  
  
    jpa:
      hibernate:
        ddl-auto: update
      show-sql: true
  

• Controller类

  package com.springdatajpa.controller;
  
  import com.springdatajpa.bean.User;
  import com.springdatajpa.repository.UserRepository;
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
  import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
  import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  
  import java.util.Optional;
  
  @RestController
  public class UserController {
  
      @Autowired
      UserRepository userRepository;
  
      @GetMapping("user/{id}")
      public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
          User one = userRepository.getOne(id);
          return one;
      }
  
      @GetMapping("/user")
      public User insertUser(User user){
          User save = userRepository.save(user);
          return save;
  
      }
  
  
  }