注解和反射

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-15 14:47:41 发布

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分类专栏：语言学习笔记文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41857917/article/details/120752959

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注解

1.注解的定义

在这里插入图片描述

2.内置注解

在这里插入图片描述

    //@Override 重写的注解
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString();
    }


    //不推荐程序员使用,但是可以使用,或者存在更好的方式
    @Deprecated
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public static void test02(){
        System.out.println("SuppressWarnings");
    }

3.自定义注解

//测试元注解
public class Test02 {
    @MyAnnotation
    public void test(){

    }
}


//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})

//Retention表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
//runtime>class>source
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

//Documented 表示是否讲我们的注解生成在JAVAdoc中
@Documented

//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{

}

//自定义注解
public class Test03 {
    //注解可以显示赋值,如果没有默认值,我们就必选给注解赋值
    @MyAnnotation2(name="琴江",schools = {"西北大学","西工大"})
    public void test(){}

    @MyAnnotation3("")
    public void test2(){}
}



@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{

    //注解的参数 :参数类型+参数名();
    String name() default "";
    int age() default 0;
    int id() default -1;//如果默认值为-1,代表不存在

    String[] schools() default  {"西部开源","清华大学"};
}


@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
    String value();
}

反射

1.反射机制

在这里插入图片描述

//什么叫反射
public class Test02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //通过反射获取类的class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        System.out.println(c1);


        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");


        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载归约,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());

    }
}

//实体类:pojo ,entity 只有属性,没有别的具体方法
class User{

    private String name;
    private int id;
    private int age;

    public User(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2.Class类

在这里插入图片描述

3.Class类的常用方法

在这里插入图片描述

4.获取Class类的实例

在这里插入图片描述

//测试创建Class类的方式有哪些
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是"+person.name);

        //方式一:通过对象获得
        Class c1 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());

        //方式二:forName获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Student");
        System.out.println(c2 .hashCode());

        //方式三:通过类名.class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());

        //方式四:基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c5.hashCode());
    }
}


class Person{
    public String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Student extends Person{

    public Student() {
       this.name="学生";
    }
}


class Teacher extends Person{

    public Teacher() {
        this.name="老师";
    }
}

5.哪些类型可以有Class对象

在这里插入图片描述


//所有类型的Class
public class Test04 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {


        Class c1 = Object.class;    // 类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
        Class c3 = String.class;    //一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;   //二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;  //注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;   //枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;   //基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;      //void
        Class c9 = Class.class;     //Class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);


        //只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个class
        int[] a = new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
    }
}

6.java内存分析

在这里插入图片描述

public class Test05 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(A.m)   ;

        /*
        * 1.加载到内存,会产生一个类对应的class对象
        * 2.链接,链接结束后m=0;
        * 3.初始化
        *   <clinit>(){
        *                 System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
        *                 m = 300;
        *                 static int m =100;
        *
        * }
        *
        * m = 100;
        *
        * */

    }
}



class A{
    static{
        System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
        m = 300;
    }
    static int m =100;
    public A(){
        System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
    }
}

7.分析类初始化

在这里插入图片描述

//测试类什么时候会初始化
import sun.misc.PostVMInitHook;

public class Test06 {
    static {
        System.out.println("Main类被加载");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {

        //1.主动引用
//        Son son = new Son();

        //反射也会产生主动引用
//        Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Son");

        //不会产生类的引用的方法
//        System.out.println(Son.b);

//        Son[] array = new Son[5];

        System.out.println(Son.M);
        //
    }
}


class Father{
    static int b = 2;

    static {
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }

}

class Son extends Father{
    static {

        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        m = 300;
    }

    static int m = 100;
    static final int M = 1;
}

8.类加载器的作用

在这里插入图片描述

public class Test07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {

        //获得系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器--->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器--->根加载器(C/C++)(java加载不出来)
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);

        //测试当前类是那个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Test07").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader1);


        //如何获取系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));


        //双亲委派机制
            //java.lang.String-->

        /*D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\jce.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\resources.jar;
        D:\java\jdk1.8.0_152\jre\lib\rt.jar;
        E:\Java_Project\Annotation\out\production\Annotation;
        D:\Idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar

         * */

    }
}

9.创建运行时类的对象

在这里插入图片描述

//获取类的信息
public class Test08 {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {

        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");

//        User user = new User();
//        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        //获取类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//获取包名+类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名

        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("===============================");
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }


        Field[] fields1 = c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部属性
        for (Field field : fields1) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }


        //获得指定属性的值(public)
//        c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        //获得指定属性的值(所有)
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);


        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("=================================");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的"+method);
        }

        Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
        for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods"+declaredMethod);
        }


        //获得指定的方法
        //重载
        System.out.println("===============================");
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        System.out.println(getName);

        Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        System.out.println(setName);


        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("===============================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();//获得全部public构造方法
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
            System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors:"+declaredConstructor);//获得全部的构造方法
        }



        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println("指定的"+declaredConstructor);
    }
}

10.动态通过反射创建对象执行

在这里插入图片描述

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

//动态的创建对象.通过反射
public class Test09 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");


//        //构造一个对象
//        User user =(User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是调用了类的无参构造器,一定要有无参构造器才行
//        System.out.println(user);


        //通过构造器创建对象
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        User user2 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("yang", 001, 22);
        System.out.println(user2);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);


        //invoke :激活的意思
        //(对象,"方法的值")
        setName.invoke(user3,"杨");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());


        //通过反射操作属性
        System.out.println("===================================");
        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");

        //不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序的安全检测,属性或者方法的setAccessible(true);
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user4,"汪");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());


    }
}

11.setAccessible性能分析

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

//分析性能问题
public class Test10 {

    //普通方式调用
    public static void test01(){
        User user = new User();

        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            user.getName();
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("普通方式执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }

    //反射方式调用
    public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);


        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("反射方式执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }


    //反射方式调用 关闭检测
    public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();

        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);

        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.out.println("关闭检测后反射方式执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

        test01();
        test02();
        test03();
    }

}

12.获取泛型信息

在这里插入图片描述

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test11 {

    public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){
        System.out.println("test01");

    }

    public Map<String,User> test02(){
        System.out.println("test02");
        return null;

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        //反射获得参数泛型
        Method method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);//反射获得方法
        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();//获得泛型参数类型

        for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
            System.out.println("泛型参数类型"+genericParameterType);
            if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
                //如果泛型参数类型属于参数化类型,强转为参数类型并调用方法获得真实类型
                Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
                for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                    System.out.println("真实的泛型信息"+actualTypeArgument);
                }
            }
        }


        System.out.println("====================================");
        
        //反射获得返回值泛型
        Method method1 = Test11.class.getMethod("test02");//反射获得方法
        Type genericReturnType = method1.getGenericReturnType();
        System.out.println("泛型参数类型"+genericReturnType);
        if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
            //如果泛型参数类型属于参数化类型,强转为参数类型并调用方法获得真实类型
            Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
            for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
                System.out.println("真实的泛型信息"+actualTypeArgument);
            }
        }

    }
}

13.获取注解信息

在这里插入图片描述

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

//练习反射操作注解
public class Test12 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {

        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Student2");

        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);
        }


        //获取注解的value的值
        TableYang tableYang = (TableYang) c1.getAnnotation(TableYang.class);
        String value = tableYang.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field field = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
        FieldYang annotation = field.getAnnotation(FieldYang.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());

    }
}


@TableYang("db_student")
class Student2{


    @FieldYang(columnName = "db_id",type = "int" ,length = 10)
    private int id;
    @FieldYang(columnName = "db_age",type = "int" ,length = 10)
    private int age;
    @FieldYang(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar" ,length = 3)
    private String name;

    public Student2() {
    }

    public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}


//类名的注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@interface TableYang {
    String value();

}


//属性的注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@interface FieldYang{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}

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注解和反射

注解1.注解的定义2.内置注解 //@Override 重写的注解 @Override public String toString() { return super.toString(); } //不推荐程序员使用,但是可以使用,或者存在更好的方式 @Deprecated public static void test(){ System.out.println("Deprecated"); }
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