Java8—新的日期和时间API的入门使用

传统的处理接口设计并不是很友好，不易使用。终于，Java 8 借鉴第三方优秀开源库 Joda-time，重新设计了一套 API，这里记录一下自己的学习过程

package dateandtime;


import java.time.*;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import static java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters.*;


public class DateAndTimeAPI {

    public static void print(int i, Object obj) {
        System.out.println(String.format("%d: " + obj, i));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /**
         * 通过静态方法of创建一个LocalDate实例，LocalDate实例提供了多种方法
         * 来读取常用的值，比如年份、月份、星期几
         */
        LocalDate date = LocalDate.of(2019, 6, 18);
        print(0, date.getDayOfWeek());
        print(1, date);
        print(2, date.getYear());
        print(3, date.getDayOfMonth());
        print(4, date.lengthOfMonth());
        print(5, date.isLeapYear());
        print(6, date.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_WEEK_DATE));

        System.out.println();

        /**
         * 静态方法获取现在的日期
         */
        LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
        print(7, today);

        /**
         * 静态方法获取现在的时间，同样也有静态方法of创建时间
         */
        LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
        print(8, time);
        print(9, time.getHour());
        print(10, time.getMinute());
        print(11, time.getSecond());
        print(12, time.getNano());

        /**
         * 静态方法解析字符串，如果时间格式错误将解析失败抛出异常，其中月份必须是两位数的
         */
        LocalDate ld = LocalDate.parse("2019-06-18");
        LocalTime lt = LocalTime.parse("10:14:30");

        print(13, ld);
        print(14, lt);
        System.out.println();

        /**
         * 合并时间和日期
         */
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
        LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2019, Month.JUNE, 18, 10, 18, 23);
        LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = LocalDateTime.of(date, time);
        print(15, localDateTime);
        print(16, localDateTime1);
        print(17, localDateTime2);

        print(18, localDateTime.getHour());


        /**
         * 在日期（时间）基础上加上时间(日期)，并返回LocalDateTime
         */
        print(19, date.atTime(time));
        print(20, time.atDate(date));
        System.out.println();

        /**
         * Instant: 机器的日期和时间格式，已Unix运年时间（UTC时区1970年1月1日午夜时分）开始所经历的描述进行计算
         */
        Instant instant = Instant.now();
        print(21, instant);

        Instant instant1 = Instant.ofEpochSecond(3);
        print(22, instant1);

        print(23, Instant.ofEpochSecond(3, 0));
        print(24, Instant.ofEpochSecond(2, 1_000_000_000));
        System.out.println();

        /**
         * Duration 和 Period 可以用来表示时间间隔
         */

        /**Duration.between 可以
         * 计算 localDateTime1 和 localDateTime2 之间的时间差值
         * 计算 localTime1 和 localTime2 之间的时间差值
         * 计算 instant1 和 instant2 之间的时间差值
         * 不能 计算 localDate1 和 localDte2 之间的时间差值
         */
        Duration duration = Duration.between(localDateTime1, localDateTime2);
        print(25, duration);

        /**
         * Period.between 可以计算 localDate1 和 localDte2 之间的时间差值
         */
        Period tendays = Period.between(LocalDate.of(2019, 06, 1),
                LocalDate.of(2019, 06, 11));
        print(26, tendays);

        /**
         * Duration 和 Period 提供了很多方便的工厂类，直接创建其实例。
         */
        Duration threeMinutes = Duration.ofMinutes(3);
        print(27, threeMinutes);
        Duration twoDays = Duration.of(2, ChronoUnit.DAYS);
        print(28, twoDays);


        Period nineDays = Period.ofDays(9);
        print(29, nineDays);

        Period threeWeeks = Period.ofWeeks(3);
        print(30, threeWeeks);

        print(31, Period.of(2, 1, 3));
        print(32, Period.ofYears(2));
        System.out.println();

        /**
         * 操纵、解析和格式化日期
         */
        LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.of(2018, 2, 6);
        print(33, date1.withYear(2019));
        print(34, date1.withMonth(6));
        print(35, date1.withDayOfMonth(19));

        print(36, date1.with(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH, 2));

        print(37, date1.plusWeeks(1));
        print(38, date1.plusYears(1));
        print(39, date1.plusDays(4));
        print(40, date1.plus(4, ChronoUnit.MONTHS));

        print(41, date1.with(next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));
        print(42, date1.with(nextOrSame(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));//与next的唯一区别是有可能当天符合要求，就返回当天
        print(43, date1.with(lastInMonth(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));

        print(44, date1.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE));
        print(45, date1.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));

        print(46, LocalDate.parse("2019-06-19", DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE));
        print(47, LocalDate.parse("20190619", DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE));

        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy.MM.d");
        LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.now();

        String formattedDate = date2.format(formatter);
        print(48, formattedDate);

        LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.parse(formattedDate, formatter);
        print(49, date3);

        ZoneId zonedId = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
        ZonedDateTime zdt1 = date1.atStartOfDay(zonedId);
        print(50, zdt1);

        ZonedDateTime zdt2 = localDateTime2.atZone(zonedId);
        print(51, zdt2);

        ZonedDateTime zdt3 = instant.atZone(zonedId);
        print(52, zdt3  );
    }
}

执行结果：