python入门——P37类和对象：面向对象编程

self是什么

class相当于房子图纸，每个对象是参照图纸建立的实际的房子，self相当于每一栋房子的门牌号，在下面这段代码里，每个对象都是调用了自己那栋房子里的方法，就是因为self
tips：在方法里，self必须是第一个

class Build():
    def setname(self,name):
        self.name = name
    def call(self):
        print("your name is %s" % self.name)

building1 = Build()
building1.setname("white house")

building2 = Build()
building2.setname("black house")

building1.call()
building2.call()

python的魔法方法

如果你的对象实现了魔法方法中的某一个，这个魔法方法就会在特殊的情况下被python所调用
tips：此类魔法方法会被双下滑线所包围

class Build():
    def setname(self,name):
        self.name = name
    def call(self):
        print("your name is %s" % self.name)

building1 = Build()
building1.setname("white house")

building2 = Build()
building2.setname("black house")

building1.call()
building2.call()

class Build():
    def __init__(self,num): #redefine class make it add a parameter
        self.num = num
    def kick(self):
        print("your num is %s" % self.num)

building3 = Build(3) # new object
building3.kick() # call method

公有和私有

对象的属性和方法都是公有的，在python中定义私有变量只要在变量名或函数名前加“__”两个下划线，那么这个变量或函数就会变成私有的了，例子如下

class person():
    name = "carl"

a = person()
print(a.name)

carl

class person():
    __name = "carl"

a = person()
print(a.name)

AttributeError: 'person' object has no attribute 'name'

想要调用则需在类内进行调用，代码如下

class person():
    __name = "carl"
    def kick(self):
        print("your name is %s" % self.__name)
        return "finish"
a = person()
print(a.kick())

your name is carl
finish

但其实python的私有只是伪私有，也可以直接通过别的方法进行调用

class person():
    __name = "carl"

a = person()
print(a._person__name)

carl