概述
在我们的日常项目开发过程中缓存是无处不在的,可以极大的提高系统的访问速度,主要介绍的是Redis缓存技术。
Redis简介
Redis 是一个开源(BSD许可)的,内存中的数据结构存储系统,它可以用作数据库、缓存和消息中间件,Redis 的优势包括它的速度、支持丰富的数据类型、操作原子性,以及它的通用性。
1、在Maven pom.xml文件中加入Redis包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、SpringBoot配置文件中配置Redis连接(普通配置文件application.properties)
spring.redis.database=0
spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=
spring.redis.pool.max-active=8
spring.redis.pool.max-wait=-1
spring.redis.pool.max-idle=8
spring.redis.pool.min-idle=0
spring.redis.timeout=0
3、Redis配置类
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
// 使用Jackson2JsonRedisSerialize 替换默认序列化
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class);
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
objectMapper.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(objectMapper);
// 设置value的序列化规则和 key的序列化规则
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
return redisTemplate;
}
}
解释:SpringBoot提供了对Redis的自动配置功能,在RedisAutoConfiguration中默认为我们配置了JedisConnectionFactory(客户端连接)、RedisTemplate以及StringRedisTemplate(数据操作模板),其中StringRedisTemplate模板只针对键值对都是字符型的数据进行操作,本示例采用RedisTemplate作为数据操作模板,该模板默认采用JdkSerializationRedisSerializer的二进制数据序列化方式,为了方便演示本示例采用Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer来序列化和反序列化redis的value值。
4、实体类
public class User implements Serializable{
private Long id;
private String name;
private Long age;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(Long id, String name, Long age) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Long getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Long age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
5、工具类
注:该工具类适合于各种数据类型,属于通用型,结果如下:
@Component
public class RedisUtil {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
// 存值
public void save(String key, Object value) {
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
}
// 取值
public Object get(String key) {
return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
}
}
6、控制层
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Autowired
private RedisUtil redisUtil;
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public JSONObject json() {
JSONObject json=new JSONObject();
//字符串
String a="a";
redisUtil.save("a", a);
String s = (String) redisUtil.get("a");
//数组(对象)
List<User> list=new ArrayList<User>();
User u1 = new User(18L, "哈哈一", 18L);
list.add(u1);
//set集合
Set<User> set =new HashSet<User>();
set.add(u1);
//map
Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("m", "m");
map.put("u", u1);
redisUtil.save("list", list);
List<User> newList = (List<User>) redisUtil.get("list");
redisUtil.save("set", set);
Set<User> newSet=(Set<User>) redisUtil.get("set");
redisUtil.save("map", map);
Map<String, Object> newMap =(Map<String, Object>) redisUtil.get("map");
json.put("a", s);
json.put("list", newList);
json.put("set", newSet);
json.put("map", newMap);
return json;
}
}
7、访问结果