设计模式：工厂方法模式

代码

产品类

package simple.service;

public abstract class Operation {
    protected double numberA;
    protected double numberB;
    public abstract double getResult();

    public void setNumberA(double numberA) {
        this.numberA = numberA;
    }

    public void setNumberB(double numberB) {
        this.numberB = numberB;
    }
}

public class OperationAdd extends Operation {
    public double getResult() {
        return this.numberA+this.numberB;
    }
}

public class OperationDiv extends Operation {
    public double getResult() {
        return this.numberA/this.numberB;
    }
}

public class OperationMul extends Operation {
    public double getResult() {
        return this.numberA * this.numberB;
    }
}

public class OperationSub extends Operation {
    public double getResult() {
        return this.numberA-this.numberB;
    }
}

工厂类

public interface IOperationFactory {
    Operation createOperation();
}

public class OperationAddFactory  implements IOperationFactory{
    @Override
    public Operation createOperation() {
        return new OperationAdd();
    }
}

public class OperationDivFactory implements IOperationFactory {
    @Override
    public Operation createOperation() {
        return new OperationDiv();
    }
}

public class OperationMulFactory implements IOperationFactory {
    @Override
    public Operation createOperation() {
        return new OperationMul();
    }
}

public class OperationSubFactory implements IOperationFactory {
    @Override
    public Operation createOperation() {
        return new OperationSub();
    }
}

客户端

public class Client {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	// 修改创建对象时，只需要修改后面的部分。不需要修改下面创建产品的类
        IOperationFactory factory = new OperationAddFactory();
        Operation operation = factory.createOperation();
        operation.setNumberA(4.0);
        operation.setNumberB(4.0);
        System.out.println(operation.getResult());
    }

}

特点

使用工厂方法模式克服了简单工厂违背开闭原则的特点，又保持了封装对象创建过程的特点。不过由于每一个产品有一个对应的工厂类，所以数量也会成倍增长。