图像增强

灰度直方图

#灰度直方图
import sys,cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def calcGrayHist(image):
    rows,cols = image.shape
    grayHist = np.zeros([256],np.uint64)
    for r in range(rows):
        for c in range(cols):
            grayHist[image[r][c]] +=1#把图像灰度值作为索引
    return(grayHist)
#绘图
if __name__ =='__main__':
    image = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img2.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    grayHist = calcGrayHist(image)
    x_range = range(256)
    plt.plot(x_range,grayHist,'r',linewidth = 2,c='black')
    #设置坐标轴范围
    y_maxValue = np.max(grayHist)
    plt.axis([0,255,0,y_maxValue])
    #设置坐标轴标签
    plt.xlabel('gray Level')
    plt.ylabel('number of pixels')
    plt.show()
'''
#Matplotlib提供了计算直方图的函数hist
import sys,cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
if __name__ =='__main__':
    image = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img2.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    rows,cols = image.shape
    pixelSequence = image.reshape([rows*cols,])
    numberBins = 256
    histogram,bins,patch=plt.hist(pixelSequence,numberBins,facecolor='black',
                                  histtype='bar')
    plt.xlabel(u'gray Level')
    plt.ylabel(u'number of pixels')
    y_maxValue = np.max(histogram)
    plt.axis([0,255,0,y_maxValue])
    plt.show()在这里插入代码片

详细参考链接
线性变换

import cv2,sys
import numpy as np
if __name__ =='__main__':
    I = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img1.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    a = 2
    O = float(a)*I
    O[O>255] = 255#溢值问题
    O = np.round(O)#四舍五入
    O = O.astype(np.uint8)
    cv2.imshow('I',I)
    cv2.imshow('O',O)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

直方图正规化
参考链接

#直方图正规化
import cv2,sys
import numpy as np
if __name__ =='__main__':
    I = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img1.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    Imax = np.max(I)
    Imin = np.min(I)
    Omin,Omax = 0,255
    a = float(Omax-Omin)/(Imax-Imin)
    b = Omin - a*Imin
    O = a*I + b
    O = O.astype(np.uint8)
    cv2.imshow('I',I)
    cv2.imshow('O',O)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
'''
#opencv提供函数
import cv2,sys
import numpy as np
if __name__ =='__main__':
    src = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img1.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    dst = cv2.normalize(src,None,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
    print(dst.dtype)
    dst = dst.astype(np.uint8)
    cv2.imshow('src',src)
    cv2.imshow('dst',dst)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

伽马变换

#伽马变换
import cv2,sys
import numpy as np
if __name__ =='__main__':
    I = cv2.imread('E:\\sy2\\4\\img1.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    fI = I/255.0#必须归一化（0,1）
    gamma = 2
    O = np.power(fI,gamma)
    cv2.imshow('I',I)
    cv2.imshow('O',O)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()