Python-投骰子(random,plotly)

说明：

（1） 使用random中的randint产生指定数量的随机整数（骰子点数）

（2） 通过plotly.graph_objs中的Bar和Layout，plotly中的Offline可视化结果

1 骰子类代码

实列化骰子，定义骰子的行为（方法）。

from random import randint

class Die:
    '''建立一个骰子的类'''
    def __init__(self,num_sides=6):
        '''默认骰子为6面'''
        self.num_sides=num_sides
    def roll(self):
        '''返回一个位于1和骰子面之间的随机整数'''
        return randint(1,self.num_sides)

2 投掷一次骰子并可视化

代码：

print("骰子投出的情况：")
#创建骰子对象
die=Die()
results=[]
for roll_num in range(1000):
    result=die.roll()
    results.append(result)
print(results)

print("每一面出现的频率：")
'''计算每一面出现的频率'''
frequencies=[]
for value in range(1,die.num_sides+1):
    #计算value在结果中的频率
    frequency=results.count(value)
    frequencies.append(frequency)
print(frequencies)

'''可视化输出，柱状图显示出现的频率'''
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar,Layout
from plotly import offline
# 对结果进行可视化。
x_values = list(range(1, die.num_sides + 1))
data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=frequencies)]
x_axis_config = {'title': '结果'}#x坐标label
y_axis_config = {'title': '结果的频率'}#y坐标label
#设置图标的title
my_layout = Layout(title='掷一个 D6 1000 次的结果',xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)
offline.plot({'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='d6.html')

输出结果

骰子投出的情况：
[2, 5, 1, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 3, 5, 2, 6, 6, 3, 1, 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 6, 3, 2, 6, 3, 5, 4, 3, 3, 6, 6, 2, 1, 1, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 2, 5, 4, 4, 1, 6, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 3, 6, 3, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 4, 6, 1, 6, 6, 3, 5, 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 1, 2, 4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 5, 1, 6, 6, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 3, 1, 6, 3, 5, 6, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3, 3, 6, 4, 1, 6, 3, 1, 6, 1, 1, 6, 6, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 4, 5, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4, 3, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 4, 5, 5, 1, 4, 2, 5, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2, 5, 5, 5, 2, 5, 5, 2, 6, 1, 5, 6, 2, 6, 4, 4, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 1, 6, 6, 4, 4, 5, 2, 2, 5, 1, 4, 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 2, 3, 6, 3, 1, 3, 5, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 6, 1, 5, 6, 4, 1, 6, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 6, 4, 5, 3, 6, 5, 4, 2, 5, 4, 6, 5, 1, 5, 6, 3, 3, 5, 1, 4, 5, 1, 1, 2, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2, 1, 6, 6, 5, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 3, 6, 1, 5, 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 4, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 3, 6, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 6, 5, 2, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 2, 4, 5, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 6, 3, 3, 3, 5, 1, 1, 6, 4, 3, 3, 6, 2, 4, 2, 3, 6, 1, 6, 2, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 5, 6, 1, 3, 4, 3, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3, 6, 2, 6, 6, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 6, 5, 3, 3, 3, 1, 1, 6, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3, 5, 5, 6, 5, 5, 2, 3, 5, 4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 6, 4, 5, 3, 5, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6, 3, 6, 6, 3, 6, 5, 1, 4, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 6, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5, 1, 6, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 6, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 6, 5, 3, 6, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 1, 4, 6, 1, 6, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 3, 3, 5, 6, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 5, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 6, 6, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 6, 4, 6, 4, 1, 1, 6, 3, 1, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 1, 6, 1, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5, 2, 1, 6, 6, 6, 2, 1, 3, 3, 6, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, 1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 4, 6, 2, 6, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 4, 2, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 5, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 4, 5, 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 6, 3, 2, 2, 6, 6, 3, 4, 5, 2, 5, 1, 4, 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 3, 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 2, 5, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 5, 1, 5, 5, 2, 5, 6, 1, 1, 3, 2, 5, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 2, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4, 6, 6, 1, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 2, 6, 2, 4, 5, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2, 4, 1, 6, 2, 2, 1, 4, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5, 2, 4, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5, 5, 5, 3, 6, 1, 6, 6, 5, 3, 3, 1, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 2, 5, 1, 5, 4, 6, 6, 4, 5, 2, 5, 5, 4, 1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 6, 3, 3, 5, 1, 3, 6, 1, 6, 6, 4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2, 4, 1, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 5, 1, 4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4, 3, 6, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 5, 1, 2, 1, 6, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 4, 4, 1, 2, 5, 3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 2, 3, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3]
每一面出现的频率：
[163, 166, 151, 173, 179, 168]

3 同时投掷2枚骰子

代码：

'''投2个骰子'''
die1=Die()#实例化第一个骰子，6个点
die2=Die(8)#实例化第二个骰子，8个点
results_die=[]#投掷结果
frequencies_die=[]#出现的频率
for value in range(1000):
    result_die1=die1.roll()#存入第一个骰子的点数
    result_die2=die2.roll()#存入第二个骰子的点数
    results_die.append(result_die1+result_die2)#计算投掷的点数
print(f"两个骰子投掷的点数：\n{results_die}")

#计算点数出现的频率
max_result=die1.num_sides+die2.num_sides
for value in range(2,max_result+1):
    frequency_die=results_die.count(value)#计算各点数出现的频率
    frequencies_die.append(frequency_die)#存入列表中
print(f"两个骰子投掷的频率：\n{frequencies_die}")

'''可视化输出，柱状图显示出现的频率'''
from plotly.graph_objs import Bar,Layout
from plotly import offline
# 对结果进行可视化。
x_values = list(range(2, max_result + 1))
data = [Bar(x=x_values, y=frequencies_die)]
x_axis_config = {'title': '结果'}#x坐标label
y_axis_config = {'title': '结果的频率'}#y坐标label
#设置图标的title
my_layout = Layout(title=f"同时掷1个{die1.num_sides}个点和1个{die2.num_sides}个点的骰子 1000 次的结果",xaxis=x_axis_config, yaxis=y_axis_config)
offline.plot({'data': data, 'layout': my_layout}, filename='d12.html')

 结果：按照概率是符合实际的

两个骰子投掷的点数：
[7, 7, 11, 9, 11, 2, 10, 9, 10, 6, 10, 12, 3, 7, 5, 14, 9, 5, 9, 8, 10, 8, 5, 11, 9, 10, 8, 6, 9, 4, 7, 6, 6, 5, 7, 8, 10, 6, 12, 5, 12, 8, 3, 3, 10, 10, 7, 8, 14, 4, 9, 9, 14, 8, 5, 8, 7, 10, 8, 11, 14, 11, 13, 7, 12, 10, 9, 6, 7, 5, 9, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 4, 5, 4, 7, 3, 12, 12, 10, 10, 6, 7, 10, 6, 6, 8, 12, 4, 11, 4, 3, 10, 5, 7, 9, 8, 10, 7, 9, 10, 7, 4, 9, 10, 8, 9, 7, 10, 2, 3, 6, 6, 4, 7, 8, 5, 11, 10, 8, 8, 8, 9, 12, 6, 7, 10, 3, 10, 3, 9, 9, 7, 7, 3, 4, 5, 9, 4, 6, 2, 5, 10, 12, 5, 6, 11, 9, 7, 9, 8, 9, 5, 5, 12, 8, 7, 8, 7, 10, 9, 9, 7, 12, 10, 6, 10, 12, 6, 6, 8, 5, 2, 7, 11, 10, 9, 6, 14, 5, 6, 11, 14, 6, 8, 5, 9, 7, 14, 8, 10, 7, 10, 10, 9, 12, 5, 8, 6, 4, 13, 12, 6, 4, 7, 7, 12, 13, 9, 5, 7, 11, 4, 10, 9, 11, 13, 13, 7, 10, 7, 9, 13, 7, 9, 10, 7, 9, 11, 6, 10, 11, 6, 8, 5, 3, 13, 8, 8, 12, 14, 9, 10, 7, 12, 7, 10, 6, 6, 7, 2, 8, 4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 13, 2, 13, 13, 9, 8, 7, 7, 10, 7, 7, 5, 10, 5, 4, 13, 2, 6, 8, 10, 10, 8, 10, 7, 10, 7, 10, 7, 12, 8, 12, 6, 8, 9, 5, 8, 6, 9, 5, 11, 5, 10, 7, 6, 7, 4, 9, 11, 12, 7, 3, 11, 10, 7, 13, 9, 10, 9, 11, 13, 9, 7, 9, 9, 7, 7, 9, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 2, 13, 12, 10, 12, 13, 5, 11, 7, 4, 9, 14, 7, 7, 5, 11, 11, 8, 11, 8, 9, 10, 12, 12, 11, 5, 7, 7, 6, 5, 5, 14, 8, 7, 2, 4, 8, 4, 6, 7, 5, 6, 7, 13, 10, 14, 4, 8, 9, 4, 10, 7, 12, 12, 11, 7, 6, 5, 4, 8, 3, 10, 3, 9, 12, 6, 6, 5, 9, 11, 5, 5, 5, 5, 8, 8, 10, 10, 5, 4, 6, 6, 2, 2, 12, 9, 7, 8, 11, 5, 9, 6, 5, 8, 9, 6, 10, 10, 13, 5, 8, 12, 6, 10, 10, 8, 10, 3, 11, 10, 9, 9, 9, 5, 13, 6, 10, 8, 8, 6, 6, 9, 6, 10, 6, 6, 9, 11, 10, 12, 11, 4, 6, 6, 9, 11, 5, 11, 10, 3, 11, 7, 6, 7, 6, 8, 10, 7, 10, 6, 7, 4, 6, 8, 5, 7, 12, 12, 8, 8, 9, 8, 4, 2, 12, 8, 6, 7, 5, 7, 9, 6, 8, 12, 8, 2, 8, 10, 7, 9, 6, 13, 11, 8, 9, 10, 8, 9, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 7, 7, 8, 7, 11, 13, 9, 6, 8, 5, 10, 9, 11, 6, 9, 8, 8, 6, 3, 7, 9, 11, 5, 12, 7, 7, 11, 8, 7, 14, 4, 7, 7, 4, 10, 7, 5, 6, 11, 7, 8, 14, 9, 7, 9, 12, 7, 7, 3, 9, 5, 9, 8, 6, 11, 5, 7, 2, 11, 5, 6, 13, 8, 9, 10, 9, 9, 9, 9, 6, 8, 3, 8, 10, 7, 4, 3, 7, 8, 5, 6, 10, 9, 8, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 11, 4, 7, 2, 12, 4, 6, 6, 14, 3, 8, 7, 7, 8, 5, 5, 10, 6, 9, 7, 14, 10, 13, 11, 6, 9, 11, 7, 4, 10, 2, 14, 11, 10, 5, 9, 9, 5, 9, 4, 7, 10, 6, 7, 9, 7, 12, 12, 6, 4, 10, 11, 8, 6, 12, 10, 9, 5, 5, 6, 9, 5, 13, 7, 9, 8, 13, 10, 4, 4, 7, 7, 12, 9, 13, 3, 5, 7, 5, 11, 9, 11, 10, 2, 12, 14, 9, 8, 12, 5, 12, 13, 8, 13, 2, 3, 6, 7, 6, 7, 8, 11, 9, 10, 9, 5, 8, 12, 7, 3, 7, 7, 7, 9, 13, 10, 7, 8, 5, 9, 9, 6, 11, 8, 11, 4, 9, 11, 11, 7, 11, 6, 10, 10, 12, 12, 5, 10, 8, 7, 5, 11, 12, 13, 11, 9, 11, 8, 5, 9, 10, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 12, 6, 8, 14, 9, 12, 11, 12, 7, 8, 9, 11, 7, 6, 10, 7, 9, 5, 8, 6, 6, 9, 9, 7, 4, 11, 12, 4, 9, 4, 4, 10, 10, 7, 4, 8, 8, 6, 11, 12, 6, 5, 10, 8, 5, 8, 6, 7, 11, 10, 6, 6, 8, 5, 11, 13, 7, 2, 10, 9, 4, 9, 6, 5, 7, 10, 5, 4, 6, 9, 9, 10, 4, 6, 13, 9, 10, 9, 8, 7, 5, 12, 6, 4, 9, 13, 11, 3, 12, 11, 6, 12, 9, 14, 7, 11, 6, 7, 4, 8, 9, 9, 7, 14, 8, 9, 8, 2, 10, 10, 11, 8, 10, 10, 11, 8, 7, 2, 10, 10, 10, 11, 9, 4, 4, 3, 7, 8, 10, 7, 10, 7, 7, 10, 7, 14, 3, 11, 3, 9, 11, 6, 9, 11, 4, 14, 4, 5, 6, 10, 2, 12, 10, 10, 4, 10, 12, 3, 10, 9, 11, 8, 7, 9, 11, 6, 6, 12, 3, 10, 7, 12, 11, 4, 6, 10, 12, 9, 4, 7, 5, 3, 10, 7, 6, 4, 12, 7, 11, 5, 14, 9, 8, 8, 8, 5, 9, 13, 6, 7, 9, 8, 7, 7, 4, 11, 8, 5, 6, 7, 10, 4, 11, 9, 9, 2, 7, 9, 9, 4, 3, 12]
两个骰子投掷的频率：
[23, 31, 59, 85, 105, 138, 110, 130, 118, 78, 65, 34, 24]

参考资料《python编程：从入门到实践》