python高并发-线程池(ThreadPoolExecutor)

线程池：

系统频繁的启动新线程,线程执行完被销毁,如果线程不能被重复使用,这必然会使得系统的性能下降,线程池的意义就在于减少线程创建及消毁过程中损失的系统资源。

EXecutor类包含两个子类:

• ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix=’’,
  initializer=None, initargs=())用于创建线程池
  max_workers: 线程池中线程的个数;thread_name_prefix: 线程池中启动线程的名字;initializer,initargs: 初始化线程池的程序和要传入程序的参数
• ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=None, mp_context=None,
  initializer=None, initargs=())用于创建进程池
  max_workers: 进程池中进程的个数,默认处理器的个数;mp_context: 允许用户控制进程池中进程的start_method;initializer,initargs: 初始化线程池的程序和要传入程序的参数

线程池对象的方法：

• ThreadPoolExecutor.submit(fn, *args, **kwargs)
  提交执行的函数到线程池,返回可调用的 Future 对象(立即返回)
  fn: 线程池要执行的函数
  *args: 传递给fn函数的参数
  **kwargs: 字典形式传递给fn函数的参数
• ThreadPoolExecutor.map(func, *iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1)
  类似于 map(func, *iterables) 函数,启动多个线程以异步方式对 iterables 执行 func，timeout: 超时时间
• ThreadPoolExecutor.shutdown(wait=True)
  关闭线程池,不再接收新线程任务,关闭后调用 submit() 和map() 引发 RuntimeError 异常
  wait: 默认True,执行完所有线程后在关闭线程池;False表示立即关闭线程池,但是线程还是可以执行

实战:操作50w数据

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
出车拦截依赖ufs，拦截账号构造
多线程执行ufs写入
"""

import requests
import threading
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
import time

ip = 'xx'
set_ufs = 'xx'
get_ufs = 'xx'

def SetUfs(value, city_id=1):
    """
    设置ufs
    :param value:
    :param city_id:
    :return:
    """
    url = ip + set_ufs
    data = {'featureValues': value}
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    result = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers).json()
    return result

def GetUfs(value):
    """
    读取ufs
    :param driver_id:
    :param value:
    :return:
    """
    url = ip + get_ufs
    data = {'features': value}
    result = requests.get(url=url, params=data).json()
    return result

def ReadFile(filePath):
    driver_id_list = []
    with open(filePath, 'r') as f:
        contents = f.readlines()
        for content in contents:
            driver_id = content.split(',')[0]
            driver_id_list.append(driver_id)
    # yield driver_id_list
    return driver_id_list

def run_main(driver_id_list):
    """
    多线程执行
    :param driver_id_list:
    :return:
    """
    threading_list1 = []
    l1 = len(driver_id_list)//4
    l2 = l1 * 2
    l3 = l1 * 3
    value_list1 = []
    for driver_id in driver_id_list[:l1]:
        #不适合字符串拼接，使用replace实现driver_id参数化
        value1 = "xxx".replace("xx", driver_id)
        # thread1 = threading.Thread(target=SetUfs, args=(value1,))
        # threading_list1.append(thread1)
        value_list1.append(value1)

    value_list2 = []
    for driver_id in driver_id_list[l1:l2]:
        value2 = "xxx".replace("xx", driver_id)
        # thread2 = threading.Thread(target=SetUfs, args=(value2,))
        # threading_list1.append(thread2)
        value_list2.append(value2)

    value_list3 = []
    for driver_id in driver_id_list[l2:l3]:
        value3 = "xxx".replace("xx", driver_id)
        # thread3 = threading.Thread(target=SetUfs, args=(value3,))
        # threading_list1.append(thread3)
        value_list3.append(value3)

    value_list4 = []
    for driver_id in driver_id_list[l3:]:
        value4 = "xxx".replace("xx", driver_id)
        # thread4 = threading.Thread(target=SetUfs, args=(value4,))
        # threading_list1.append(thread4)
        value_list4.append(value4)

    # yield threading_list1
    return value_list1, value_list2, value_list3, value_list4


if __name__ == '__main__':
    filepath = 'xxx'
    driver_id_list = ReadFile(filepath)

    list1, list2, list3, list4 = run_main(driver_id_list)

    threading_list = []
    now = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    print(f'start time {now}')

    i = 1
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:  # 创建一个最大容纳数量为5的线程池
        for data1 in executor.map(SetUfs, list1):       #内部迭代中, 每个driver_id开启一个线程
            i += 1
            if i%100 == 0:
                print(f"result {data1}")

        for data2 in executor.map(SetUfs, list2):
            pass

        for data3 in executor.map(SetUfs, list3):
            pass

        for data4 in executor.map(SetUfs, list4):
            pass
        
    print(u'全部结束', time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))

执行结果：

Futures对象的方法：

• Future.cancel()
  取消当前Future代表的线程任务；若当前任务正在执行,无法取消,返回 False,否则,该任务被取消并且返回 True
• Future.done()：任务被取消或完成则返回 True
• Future.result(timeout=None)
  获取task的执行的结果；timeout: 最大超时时间;默认None,永不超时;

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import time

def get_html(times):
    time.sleep(times)
    print(f"just wait {times}")
    return times

executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2)

task1 = executor.submit(get_html,(3))
task2 = executor.submit(get_html,(2))

#获取已经成功的task的返回
urls = [2,3,4]
# all_task = [executor.submit(get_html, (url)) for url in urls]
# for task in as_completed(all_task):
#     data = task.result()
#     print(f"result {data}")

#功能同上executor.submit()遍历
for data in executor.map(get_html,urls):
    print(f"result {data}")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for data in executor.map(get_html, urls):
        print(f"result {data}")