2010八

10. [A] Different parts of the U.S. display different degrees of diversity.
    [B] Many parts of the U.S. become increasingly diverse in terms of race and religion.
    [C] Immigrants bring diversity to the U.S.
    [D] The central part of the U.S. still remains the same.
    PART II READING COMPREHENSION（45MIN）
    SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
    In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple
    choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is
    the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
    PASSAGE ONE
    Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India’s West Bengal,
    and the home of nearly 15million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of
    hand-pulled rickshaws.
    Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use
    rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short
    distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with
    marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from
    various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour
    ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw
    pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a
    child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.
    From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48hours.
    Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws
    being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for
    rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even
    the governor takes rickshaws.”
    While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according
    to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as
    it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of
    rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a
    combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in
    a dera, pullers pay 100rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a
    dera. They gross between 100and 150rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20rupees for the use of the
    rickshaw and an occasional 75or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where
    rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in
    income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make
    a living in Bihar.
    There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a
    rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it
    not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of
    colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the
    editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history
    books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping
    hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,” he said, “but I question
    whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to
    demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.
    When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based
    on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If
    you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw
    pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something
    in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers,
    who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks,
    selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The
    government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the
    capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”
    But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods,
    out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be
    allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all,
    is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of
    months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been
    delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be
    offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been
    part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One
    day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers
    might be rehabilitated.
    “Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my
    visit.
    “That hasn’t been decided,” he said.
    “When will it be decided?”
    “That hasn’t been decided,” he said.
11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT ________.
    [A] taking foreign tourists around the city [B] providing transport to school children
    [C] carrying store supplies and purchases [D] carrying people over short distances
12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?
    [A] They come from a relatively poor area.
    [B] They are provided with decent accommodation.
    [C] Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.
    [D] They are often caught by policemen in the streets.
13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4paragraph)
    means that even so, ________.
    [A] the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar [B] the poor from Bihar fare better than back home
    [C] the poor never try to make a living in Bihar [D] the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata
14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people ________.
    [A] hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws
    [B] strongly support the ban on rickshaws
    [C] call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers
    [D] keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws
15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?
    [A] “…—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2nd paragraph)
    [B] “…, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.” (4th paragraph)
    [C] Kolkata, a resident told me, “ has difficulty letting go.” (7th paragraph)
    [D]“…or, as I found during the 48hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6th paragraph)
    PASSAGE TWO
    Depending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says
    National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).
    The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic
    of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and
    practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.
    Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy “élite” security lines and priority
    boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the
    Jet-way.
    At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a
    $52Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major
    American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the
    have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.
    Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than
    you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief,
    that when playing in Canada—get this— “we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else.”
    Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the
    early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone
    purchasers offered to pay “waiters” or “placeholders” to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.
    Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary
    people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30a.m. to 11:30a.m.
    before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And
    billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he’s
    first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22blocks away, where the wait, or at least the
    ride, is shorter.
    As early as elementary school, we’re told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S.
    lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama
    Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants “to cut in line
    ahead of millions of people.”
    Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of
    an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue
    with their constituents.
    But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it’s out-of-date. There was something
    about the orderly boarding of Noah’s Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during
    the Great Flood.
    How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5per
    flight, an unaffiliated company called BoardFirst. com will secure you a coveted “A” boarding pass when that
    airline opens for online check-in 24hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn’t even wait in line when
    he or she is online.
    Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of
    the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone
    was queuing for.
    And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who
    don’t wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do–unhappily.
    For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a
    placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: “We wait. We are
    bored.”
16. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly
    becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2paragraph)
    [A] Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.[B] Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.
    [C] Lines are now for ordinary Americans only. [D] Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.
17. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?
    [A] Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.
    [B] Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.
    [C] First-class passenger status at airports.
    [D] Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.
18. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _________.
    [A] prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people [B] advocate the value of waiting in lines
    [C] believe in and practice waiting in lines [D] exploit waiting in lines for their own good
    PASSAGE THREE
    A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the
    blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned.
    Babylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which
    indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin
    marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence,
    balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and
    acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls
    and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of
    stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who
    knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and
    seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from
    the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper
    storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in
    search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that
    men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place
    was built for him.
    It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It seemed with humanity. The
    marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The
    gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside
    was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more
    excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where
    an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted
    as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, scented air, the
    sensuous clamour of the strings, and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek
    grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured
    deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.
19. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT ________.
    [A] “…turned Babylonian” [B] “perhaps a new barbarism’
    [C] “acres of white napery” [D] “balanced to the last halfpenny”
20. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?
    [A] The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.
    [B] The café was both full of people and full of warmth.
    [C] The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.
    [D] It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.
21. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.
    [A] the entrance hall is compared to a railway station
    [B] the orchestra is compared to a magnet
    [C] Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier
    [D] the interior of the café is compared to warm countries
    PASSAGE FOUR
    Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last
    pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of
    Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered
    by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal
    areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of
    reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to
    be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well,
    priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”
    When the opportunity arose in 2003for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the
    American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter（冶炼厂）, those who had
    been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment
    be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project’s
    advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century
    of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944and whose
    psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut,
    dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting
    and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of
    one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.
    Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely
    populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing
    quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or
    gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were
    virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and
    the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move
    away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as
    a last chance. “Smelter or death.”
    The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400jobs, and spin-off
    service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the
    world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve,
    perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.
    “We have to live,” Halldor Asgrimsson. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament
    from the region, was a driving force behind the project. “We have a right to live.”
22. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of ________.
    [A] environmental value [B] commercial value
    [C] potential value for tourism [D] great value for livelihood
23. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?
    [A] Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.
    [B] The project would lower life expectancy.
    [C] The project would cause environmental problems.
    [D] The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.
24. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT ________.
    [A] fewer fishing companies [B] fewer jobs available
    [C] migration of young people [D] imposition of fishing quotas
    SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
    In this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each
    question in NO more than 10words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
    PASSAGE ONE
25. What does the dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seem to suggest?
    PASSAGE TWO
26. What is the tone of the passage?
    PASSAGE THREE
27. What does “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggest?
28. What does “The place was built for him” in Paragraph One mean?
29. What’s the author’s attitude toward the café?
    PASSAGE FOUR
30. Why didn’t the majority of Icelanders have environmental awareness?
31. What does “Smelter or death” in the third paragraph mean?
32. What’s the function of the 4th paragraph in the passage?
    PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（15MIN）
    The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
    only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:
    For a wrong word， underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank
    provided at the end of the line．
    For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the
    word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of
    the line．
    For an unnecessary word， cross the unnecessary word with a slash “／”and put the word in the
    blank provided at the end of the line．
    EXAMPLE
    When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit， (1) an__________
    it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never__________
    them on the wall．When a natural history museum
    wants an exhibition, it must often build it． (3) exhibit__________
    Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.
    PART IV TRANSLATION（25MIN）
    Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER
    SHEET THREE.
    朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气
    对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默
    契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容
    易侵入这皮禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种
    子。维持朋友关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。
    PART V WRITING（45MIN）
    In order to win more chances to get a satisfying job as well as better adapt to society, some young people
    begin to consciously develop the “gray skills”, that is, the skills of drinking, smoking, singing, dancing and so on.
    According to a survey conducted by China Youth Daily, an alarming amount of participants admitted that they
    deliberately cultivated the “gray skills”. Facing this phenomenon, young students and college career advisors hold
    quite different views. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your
    response in about 300words, in which you should”
33. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;
34. give your comment.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
    Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
    College career advisors
    Nowadays the social climate has played a bad guide in the fact that gray skills begin to prevail among college
    students. In other words, society is to blame. Gray skills have been depicted and emphasized in TV plays, movies,
    and even commercials. Therefore the students may be misled to believe that only gray skills can really help them
    get promising jobs. Sometimes during the counselling, students may express their worries over their future
    involvement in the society. They hold the opinion that high GPA and professional skills can only make you a
    “qualified” employee, but if you can drink a lot or if you can play card games with your boss, you will have more
    chances to get promoted. This is indeed a quite sad phenomenon. This blind belief in the “magic” power of gray
    skills may exert ill influence on the graduates’ work ethic, on their moral value, as well as on their future career
    advancement. Once the students step into the society and work for a few years, they will realize that the “success”
    gray skills bring is only a flash in the pan. Only the real success can be achieved through hard work and devotion.
    Also, students who hope to stand on their own by taking advantage of gray skills are mostly confused about
    themselves as well as their p;aces in society. They are not firm enough in their future goals, so they count on these
    skills to help them. In the long run, even though they can find a job, without solid professional knowledge, they
    will still be lapped behind,
    Students
    The highly competitive job market has forced increasing college students to arm themselves with more and
    more skill, including the gray skills. Although the society and teachers have condemned the prevailing gray skills,
    many college students still approve of them.
    Wu Zixin (senior student in Yanzhou University): I am not interested on drinking or singing, but we are now
    facing increasingly intense competition in job hunting. If you fail one interview, there may not be another chance.
    During the job interviews, some employers openly ask interviewees questions like “How is your tolerance for
    alcohol?” “Can you play mahjong or card games?” and “How well can you sing Karaoke?” Confronting this
    phenomenon, we can do nothing but to change ourselves so that we can fit in the society.
    Qian Xue(junior student in Anhui University): In my opinion, learning gray skills is not something humiliating.
    Although we are now still students, after a few years we will leave the “ivory tower” and become “social man”. It is
    necessary and important for us to know what kind of person is needed by the society, and what kinds of skills are
    needed by employers. In today’s China, business is often done at dinner tables, negotiation is often talked over
    drinks, and interpersonal relationship is often consolidated by cigarettes and fine wines. There is nothing wrong
    about drinking, and other gray skills. They are common skills just like computer skills. Therefore, students have to
    practice these skills before graduation so that they can have the advantage during the job hunting.
    Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
    ANSWER SHEET 1(TEM8)
    PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
    SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
    下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
    Paralinguistic Features of Language
    In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tones of voice or
    change their physical postures in order to convey messages.These means are
    called paralinguistic features of language，which fall into two categories.
    I.First category：vocal paralinguistic features
    A.（1） ：to express attitude or intention (1) __________
    B.examples
    1.whispering： （2） (2) __________
    2.breathiness：deep emotion
    3.（3） ：unimportance (3) __________
    4.nasality：anxiety
    5.extra lip-rounding：greater （4） (4) __________
    II.Second category：physical paralinguistic features
    A.facial expressions
    l. （5） (5) __________
    一 smiling：signal of pleasure or welcome
    2.less common expressions
    一 eyebrow raising： （6） (6) __________
    一 lip biting: （7） (7) __________
    B.gesture
    Gestures are related to culture.
    1.British culture
    一 shrugging shoulders： （8） (8) __________
    一 scratching head：puzzlement
    2.other cultures
    一 placing hand upon heart: （9） (9) __________
    一 pointing at nose: （10） (10) __________
    C.proximity，posture and echoing
    1.proximity：physical distance between speakers
    一 closeness：intimacy or threat
    一 （11） ：formality or absence of interest (11) __________
    Proximity is person-，culture-and （12） -specific. (12) __________
35. posture
    一 hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate （13） (13) __________
    一 direct level eye contact：to express an open or challenging attitude
    3.echoing
    一 definition：imitation of similar posture
    一 （14） ：aid in communication (14) __________
    一 conscious imitation： （15） (15) __________

ANSWER SHEET 3(TEM8)
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and
perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be (1) __________
well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say. (2) __________
There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or (3) __________
cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are
equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice.
Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos, it is said, can (4) __________
speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in (5) __________
English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes mis-called “primitive”) is inherently more precise and subtle than
English. This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of (6) __________
Unexpected “primitiveness”. The position is simply and obviously that the
Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language (7) __________
will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow if the environments in (8) __________
which English was habitually used made such distinctions as important. (9) __________
Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could
be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if
these topics formed the part of the Eskimos’ life. (10) __________