C/C++>线程池

线程池,更加合理规范的使用线程。

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• 如下是github上的一份C++11实现的线程池，对其进行分析使用

#ifndef THREAD_POOL_H
#define THREAD_POOL_H
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <memory>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <future>
#include <functional>
#include <stdexcept>
class ThreadPool {
public:
    ThreadPool(size_t);
    template<class F, class... Args>
    auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
        ->std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>;
    ~ThreadPool();
private:
    // need to keep track of threads so we can join them
    std::vector< std::thread > workers;
    // the task queue
    std::queue< std::function<void()> > tasks;
    // synchronization
    std::mutex queue_mutex;
    std::condition_variable condition;
    bool stop;
};
// the constructor just launches some amount of workers
inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t threads)
    : stop(false) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < threads; ++i)
        workers.emplace_back(
            [this] {
        for (;;) {
            std::function<void()> task;
            {
                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queue_mutex);
                this->condition.wait(lock,
                    [this] { return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
                if (this->stop && this->tasks.empty())
                    return;
                task = std::move(this->tasks.front());
                this->tasks.pop();
            }
            task();
        }
    }
    );
}
// add new work item to the pool
template<class F, class... Args>
auto ThreadPool::enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
-> std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type> {
    using return_type = typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type;
    auto task = std::make_shared< std::packaged_task<return_type()> >(
        std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...)
        );
    std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
        // don't allow enqueueing after stopping the pool
        if (stop)
            throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");
        tasks.emplace([task]() { (*task)(); });
    }
    condition.notify_one();
    return res;
}
// the destructor joins all threads
inline ThreadPool::~ThreadPool() {
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex);
        stop = true;
    }
    condition.notify_all();
    for (std::thread &worker : workers)
        worker.join();
}
#endif

其中这个语法不是很理解

template<class F, class... Args>
auto enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
       ->std::future<typename std::result_of<F(Args...)>::type>;

语句中result_of函数,表示返回值的类型。
typename,声明后面的内容为类型名

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