wpf---＞MVVM

MVVM适合制作企业级的应用

MVVM优势

1. 团队层面：统一团队的思维方式和实现方法(特定的代码放在特定的位置)
2. 架构层面：稳定，解耦合
3. 代码层面：可读，可测，可替换

什么是MVVM

• MVVM= Model + View + ViewModel
  

Model

• 现实中的抽象结果

View&ViewModel

• View=UI
• ViewModel=Model for View
• ViewModel与View之间的沟通
  1. 数据属性—传递数据，双向的数据属性
  2. 命令属性—传递操作，单向的命令属性

NotificationObject与数据属性

DelegateCommand与命令属性

使用实例

1. 首先需要建立几个文件夹

2. 实现ViewModel的基类

NotificationObject.cs数据属性Binding实现

	using System;
	using System.Collections.Generic;
	using System.ComponentModel;
	using System.Linq;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading.Tasks;
	
	namespace MyControlDemo.ViewModels
	{
	    class NotificationObject : INotifyPropertyChanged
	    {
	        //属性发生变化时，PropertyChanged事件会被双向数据Binding监听，
	        //一旦发生变化，变化的值会被送到界面上去
	        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
	
	        //对事件进行一个简单的封装
	        public void RaisePropertyChange(string propertyName)
	        {
	            if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
	            {
	                //告诉Binding哪个属性发生了变化
	                this.PropertyChanged.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
	            }
	        }
	    }
	}

DelegateCommand命令属性Binding

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace MyControlDemo.Commands
{
    class DelegateCommand : ICommand
    {
        //当命令是否能执行状态发生改变，会通知命令调用者，状态发生了改变
        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

        //CanExecute帮助命令的呼叫者，判断该命令是否可以执行
        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            if (this.CanExecuteFunc == null)
                return true;
            return this.CanExecuteFunc(parameter);
        }

        //当命令执行的时候，想要执行什么内容，将内容写在Execute中
        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            if (this.ExecuteAction == null)
                return;
            //当命令执行时，执行ExecuteAction委托
            this.ExecuteAction(parameter);
        }

        //声明一个Action类型的委托
        public Action<Object> ExecuteAction { get; set; }
        public Func<object, bool> CanExecuteFunc { get; set; }
    }
}

3.实现MainWindow的ViewModel

1. 在ViewModel文件夹下创建MainWindowViewModel.cs类
2. 继承实现的数据属性Binding类NotificationObject(所有ViewModel的基类)

   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.Linq;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading.Tasks;
   using MyControlDemo.Commands;
   
   namespace MyControlDemo.ViewModels
   {
       class MainWindowViewModel : NotificationObject
       {
           private double input1;
   
           public double Input1
           {
               get { return input1; }
               set
               {
                   input1 = value;
                   this.RaisePropertyChange("Input1");
               }
           }
   
           private double input2;
   
           public double Input2
   
           {
               get { return input2; }
               set
               {
                   input2 = value;
                   this.RaisePropertyChange("Input2");
               }
           }
   
           private double result;
   
           public double Result
           {
               get { return result; }
               set
               {
                   result = value;
                   this.RaisePropertyChange("Result");
               }
           }
   
           //命令属性,引入重写的ICommand，也就是DelegateCommand的命名空间
           public DelegateCommand AddCommand { get; set; }
   
           private void Add(Object parameter)
           {
               //当result值发生改变，会调用属性set中的RaisePropertyChange，
               //值发生变化会被事件检测到，并反馈到界面上去
               this.result = this.input1 + this.input2;
           }
   
           public MainWindowViewModel()
           {
               //将命令属性与方法关联
               this.AddCommand =new DelegateCommand();
               this.AddCommand.ExecuteAction = new Action<object>(this.Add);
           }
       }
   }
   

4.Binding控件与属性

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="300" Width="200">
    <Grid>
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid Grid.Row="1">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <TextBox x:Name="tb1" Grid.Row="1" Height="30" Width="100" Background="LightBlue" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Input1}"/>
            <TextBox x:Name="tb2" Grid.Row="2" Height="30" Width="100" Background="LightBlue" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Input2}"/>
            <TextBox x:Name="tb3" Grid.Row="3" Height="30" Width="100" Background="LightBlue" Margin="5" Text="{Binding Result}"/>
            <Button x:Name="b1" Grid.Row="4"  Height="20" Width="30" Content="Add" Command="{Binding AddCommand}"/>
        </Grid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

5.使用DataContext绑定定义一个源

DataContext
MainWindow.xaml.cs

 this.DataContext = new MainWindowViewModel();