Springboot实现配置多数据源

一、前言
在实际开发应用中，我们可能需要在一个项目中连接多个数据源，已满足实际的开发业务需求，那么就需要实现连接多数据源的功能，而一些框架和工具，如Spring Boot和MyBatis等，提供了对多数据源的支持，简化了多数据源的配置和管理过程。

二、Spring Boot 如何配置多数据源？
1.在pom.xml中添加相应的数据库驱动和Spring Boot的数据库依赖，比如Postgresql、Mysql等。
以Postgresql为例：

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.在application.properties或application.yml配置文件中添加多个数据源的连接信息。

#主数据源
spring.datasource.primary.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test
spring.datasource.primary.username = postgres
spring.datasource.primary.password = 123456
spring.datasource.primary.driver-class-name = org.postgresql.Driver
spring.datasource.primary.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource


#拓展数据源
spring.datasource.de.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/test1
spring.datasource.de.username = postgres
spring.datasource.de.password = 123456
spring.datasource.de.driver-class-name = org.postgresql.Driver
spring.datasource.de.type = com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

3.创建数据源bean
在Spring Boot的配置类中创建多个数据源的DataSource Bean，并注入对应的配置信息。

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean(name = "primary")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.primary")
    public DataSource dataSourcePrimary() {
        return new DruidDataSource() ;
    }

    @Bean(name = "de")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.de")
    public DataSource dataSourceDe() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }
    @Bean("dynamicDataSource")
    @Primary
    public DataSource dynamicDataSource (@Qualifier("primary") DataSource primary, @Qualifier("dbMap") DataSourceMap dbMap) {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource() ;
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(primary);
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dbMap.getDbMap());
        return dynamicDataSource ;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(@Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }
}

DynamicDataSource 实现类：

import com.smartcitysz.dp.report.util.DataSourceUtil;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return DataSourceUtil.getDB();
    }
}

DataSourceMap实现类:

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Component("dbMap")
@Data
public class DataSourceMap  {
    private Map dbMap ;

    public DataSourceMap(@Qualifier("primary") DataSource primary, @Qualifier("de")DataSource de) {
        this.dbMap = new HashMap<>() ;
        this.dbMap.put("primary",primary) ;
        this.dbMap.put("de",de) ;
    }

    public Map<Object, Object> getDbMap() {
        return dbMap;
    }

    public void setDbMap(Map<Object, Object> dbMap) {
        this.dbMap = dbMap;
    }
}

DataSourceUtil工具类：

public class DataSourceUtil {

    private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>() ;

    /**
     * 设置数据源名
     * @param dbType
     */
    public static void setDB(String dbType) {
        contextHolder.set(dbType);
    }
    public static String getDB() {
        return contextHolder.get() ;
    }

    public static void clearDB() {
        contextHolder.remove();
    }

}

4.接着实现一个多数据源切面。

import com.smartcitysz.dp.report.aop.annotation.CurDataSource;
import com.smartcitysz.dp.report.util.DataSourceUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 多数据源切面处理类
 */
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAspect implements Ordered {

    private static String PRIMARY = "primary";

    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.smartcitysz.dp.report.aop.annotation.CurDataSource)")
    public void dataSourcePointCut() {

    }

     @Around("dataSourcePointCut()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) point.getSignature();
        Method method = signature.getMethod();

        CurDataSource ds = method.getAnnotation(CurDataSource.class);
        log.info("around:{}",ds.name());
        if (ds == null) {
            DataSourceUtil.setDB(PRIMARY);
            log.info("set datasource is " + PRIMARY);
        } else {
            DataSourceUtil.setDB(ds.name());
            log.info("set datasource is " + ds.name());
        }
        try {
            return point.proceed();
        } finally {
            DataSourceUtil.clearDB();
            log.debug("clean datasource");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 1;
    }
}

多数据源注解类：

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 多数据源注解
 */
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface CurDataSource {

    String name() default "";
}

最后只需要在方法上添加注解就可以实现不同数据源直接的切换了。