Assembly Language vs2017环境配置教程（基于x86处理器）author：Kip Irvine

This tutorial assumes that you are using the Seventh Edition of Assembly Language for x86 Processors, and you are using Visual Studio 2017 Community Edition.

Right-click here to download the code examples and required libraries for the book

Right-click here to download a zip file containing a 32-bit Visual Studio 2017 project

Required Setup for 32-bit Applications

After you have downloaded and installed the VS 2017 Community Edition, you may need to install the Visual C++ language option. First, let's see if it has already been installed (as often happens in college computer labs). Select New Project from the File menu and view the Installed >> Templates entries on the left side of the New Project. Expand the Other Languages section:

Note: If you do not see Visual C++ in the list, click the Open Visual Studio installer hyperlink. It runs a separate program. If your computer is in a college laboratory, your account may not have sufficient privileges to run this program, so you can ask your lab supervisor to do it.

If you were able to run the VS installer, close the main Visual Studio window (not the installer), and in the installer window, click the Desktop development with C++ button in the installer window, look at the Summary list on the right side to verify that VC++ is selected, and click the Modify button in the lower right corner of the window.

You will have to wait a while for the installation to finish. Meanwhile, why don't you read Chapter 1 of my book?

The Visual C++ language includes the Microsoft Assembler (MASM). To verify that MASM was installed, open a Windows Explorer window and look for the file named ml.exe in the Visual Studio installation directory, such asC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.10.25017\bin\HostX64\x86.

The Book's Example Programs

At the top of this document, we explained how to download the file named Irvine.zip and extract it into the C:\Irvine folder. Unless you have some objection to using that location, do not alter the path. (Note to lab administrators: you can designate c:\Irvine directory as read-only.).

 

The folllowing files should appear in the c:\Irvine directory:

Filename	Description
b16.asm, b32.asm	Blank templates for 16-bit and 32-bit assembly language source files
GraphWin.inc	Include file for writing Windows applications
Irvine16.inc	Include file used with the Irvine16 link library (16-bit applications)
Irvine16.lib	16-bit link function library used with this book
Irvine32.inc	Include file used with the Irvine32 link library (32-bit applications)
Irvine32.lib	Irvine's 32-bit link library
Kernel32.lib	32-bit link library for Windows API
Link16.exe	16-bit Microsoft linker
Macros.inc	Irvine's macro include file (see Chapter 10)
make16_vs2012.bat	Visual Studio 2012 batch file for building 16-bit applications
make16_vs2013.bat	Visual Studio 2013 batch file for building 16-bit applications
SmallWin.inc	Small-sized include file containing MS-Windows definitions, used by Irvine32.inc
User32.lib	MS-Windows basic I/O link library
VirtualKeys.inc	Keyboard code definitions file, used by Irvine32.inc

A subdirectory named Examples will contain all the example programs shown in the book, source code for the book's 16-, 32-, and 64-bit libraries, and two sample projects for earlier versions of Visual Studio.

 

Setting up Visual Studio

Select the C++ Configuration

Visual Studio supports multiple programming languages and application types. The C++ programming language configuration most closely matches that of assembly language programming, so we suggest the following steps:

1. Select Tools | Import and Export Settings from the menu
2. Select the "Import selected environment settings" radio button
3. Select the "No, just import..." radio button
4. Select "Visual C++" from the Default Settings List and click the Next button
5. Click the Finish button, then click the Close button
6. Notice the tabs on the left and right sides of the Visual Studio workspace. Close the Server Explorer, Toolbox, and Properties tabs. Use the mouse to drag the Solution Explorer tool window to the right side of the workspace. You can also select other tabs at the bottom of this window, such as "Class View", "Property Manager", and "Team Explorer", and close them. They will not be used in the future. If you need to bring back the Solution Explorer window at any time in the future, select View from the menu, and locate Solution Explorer in the list of views.

Optional Step: Set the tab indent size

Start Visual Studio and select Options from the Tools menu. Select Text Editor, Select All Languages, and select Tabs. Optionally, you may want to select the Insert spaces radio button:

 

Set the Tab Size and Indent Size to 5.

Optional Step: Add the Start Without Debugging command

As you learn to generate output directly to the console window in your programs, you may want to be able to run programs without debugging them. To do that, you need to add a new command to Visual Studio's Debug menu. Here's how to do it:

1. Select Customize from the Tools menu
2. Select the Commands tab at the top of the Customize window
3. From the dropdown list next to the Menu Bar radio button, select Debug
4. Click the Add Command... button
5. In the Add Command dialog window, select Debug from the Categories list
6. Select Start Without Debugging in the Commands list
7. Click the OK button to close the Add Command dialog window
8. Optionally, you can click the Move Down button to reposition the new command in the Debug menu's list
9. Click the Close button to close the Customize dialog window
10. Click the Debug menu and verify that the new command appears

In fact, you can use a similar sequence to customize any of the menus and toolbars in Visual Studio.

 

Tutorial: Building and running a 32-bit program

Now you're ready to open and build your first 32-bit project.

Opening a Project

Visual Studio requires assembly language source files to belong to a project, which is a kind of container. A project holds configuration information such as the locations of the assembler, linker, and required libraries. A project has its own folder, and it holds the names and locations of all files belonging to it.

If you have not already done so,Right-click here to download a zip file containing an up-to-date Visual Studio 2017 project that has been configured for assembly language. After downloading this file, un-zip it into your working directory. It contains a sample asm test file named AddTwo.asm.

 

Follow these steps:

1. Start Visual Studio.
2. Open our sample Visual Studio project file by selecting File/Open/Project from the Visual Studio menu.
3. Navigate to your working folder where you unzipped our project file, and select the file named Project.sln.
4. Once the project has been opened, you will see the project name in Visual Studio's Solution Explorerwindow. You should also see an assembly language source file in the project named AddTwo.asm. Double-click the file name to open it in the editor.

You should see the following program in the editor window:

; AddTwo.asm - adds two 32-bit integers. ; Chapter 3 example .386 .model flat,stdcall .stack 4096 ExitProcess proto,dwExitCode:dword .code main proc mov eax,5 add eax,6 invoke ExitProcess,0 main endp end main

In the future, you can use this file as a starting point to create new programs by copying it and renaming the copy in the Solution Explorer window.

 

Adding a File to a Project: If you need to add an .asm file to an open project, do the following: (1) Right-click the project name in the Visual Studio window, select Add, select Existing Item. (2) In the Add Existing Itemdialog window, browse to the location of the file you want to add, select the filename, and click the Add button to close the dialog window.

Build the Program

Now you will build (assemble and link) the sample program. Select Build Project from the Build menu. In the Output window for Visual Studio at the bottom of the screen, you should see messages similar to the following, indicating the build progress:

1>------ Build started: Project: Project, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Assembling ..\Project32_VS2017\AddTwo.asm...
1>Project.vcxproj -> ...\Project32_VS2017\Debug\Project.exe
1>Project.vcxproj -> ...\Project32_VS2017\Debug\Project.pdb (Full PDB)
========== Rebuild All: 1 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 skipped ==========

If you do not see these messages, the project has probably not been modified since it was last built. No problem--just select Rebuild Project from the Build menu.

Run the Program in Debug Mode

The easiest way to run your first program is to use the debugger. First, you must set a breakpoint. When you set a breakpoint in a program, you can use the debugger to execute the program a full speed (more or less) until it reaches the breakpoint. At that point, the debugger drops into single-step mode. Here's how to do it:

1. Make sure the ASM source code file is open in the editor window.
2. Click the mouse along the border to the left of the mov eax,5 statement. A large red dot should appear in the margin.
3. Select Start Debugging from the Debug menu. The program should run and pause on the line with the breakpoint.
4. Press the F10 key (called Step Over) to execute the current statement. Continue pressing F10 until the program is about to execute the invoke statement.
5. A small black window icon should appear on your Windows status bar. Open it and look at the contents of the Command window. The window should be blank because this program does not display any output.
6. Press F10 one more time to end the program.

You can remove a breakpoint by clicking its dot with the mouse. Take a few minutes to experiment with the Debug menu commands. Set more breakpoints and run the program again.

Here's what your program will look like when paused at the breakpoint:

 

Running a program from the Command Prompt: When you assembled and linked the project, a file named Project.exe was created inside the project's \Debug folder. This file executes when you run the project. You can execute any EXE by double-clicking its name inside Windows Explorer, but it will often just flash on the screen and disappear. That is because Windows Explorer does not pause the display before closing the command window. On the other hand, you can open a Command prompt window, move to the Debug directory, and run Project.exe by typing "Project" (without the quotes). You will need to do some reading on Windows shell commands if you plan to use the command line.

To remove a source file from the Visual Studio window, right-click its filename and select Remove. The file will not be deleted from the file system. On the other hand, if you want to delete the file, select it and press the Del key.

Registers

Soon you will want to display CPU registers when debugging your programs. Here's how to make them visible: First, under the Tools >> Options menu, select Debbuging in the left panel, and select Enable address-level debugging. Next, set a breakpoint in your source code on an executable statement, run your program in Debug mode, select Windows from the Debug menu, and then select Registers from the drop-down list.

If you do not see the Registers command in the Debug >> Windows drop-down menu (which seems to be the case for the VS2017 Community Edition, there is a way to add a Registers command button to your Debug toolbar. Here's how to do it: 

1. While not debugging, select Customize from the Tools menu.
2. Click the Commands tab, select the Toolbar tab, and select Debug from the list of toolbars.
3. Click the Add Command button. In the Categories list, select Debug.
4. Select Registers from the list of commands, click the OK button to close the dialog window.
5. Click the Close button to close the Customize dialog. You should now see a new button on the Debug toolbar that looks like a small rectangle containing "0X" when you begin debugging a program.

The Registers window may appear docked to the top of the workspace, but you may find it helpful to float the window on top of your workspace. Just grab the window header with the mouse and pull it to the center area. You will also want to display the CPU flags. To do that, right click inside the Registers window and check the word Flagsfrom the popup menu.

You can interrupt a debugging session at any time by selecting Stop Debugging from the Debug menu. You can do the same by clicking the maroon-colored square button on the toolbar. To remove a breakpoint from a program, click its red dot to make it disappear.

A reminder, you might want to review our tutorial: Using the Visual Studio debugger

Building and Running Other Programs

Suppose you want to run another example program, or possibly create your own program. You can remove the existing assembly language file from the Solution Explorer window and insert a new .asm file into the project.

• To remove a program from a project without deleting the file, right-click its name in the Solution Explorer window. In the context menu, select Remove. If you change your mind and decide to add it back to the project, right-click in the same window, select Add, select Existing item, and select the file you want to add.

Adding a File to a Project

An easy way to add an assembly language source file to an open project is to drag its filename with the mouse from a Windows Explorer window onto the name of your project in the Solution Explorer window. The physical file will not be copied--the project only holds a reference to the file's location. Try this now:

1. Remove the AddTwo.asm file from your project.
2. Add a reference to the file Examples\ch03\AddTwoSum.asm to the project.
3. Build and run the project.

Copying a Source File

One way to make a copy of an existing source code file is to use Windows Explorer to copy the file into your project directory. Then, right-click the project name in Solution Explorer, select Add, select Existing Item, and select the filename.

 

Syntax highlighting in your source code

When a text editor uses syntax highlighting, language keywords, strings, and other elements appear in different colors. Visual Studio highlights MASM reserved words and strings, as shown in the following example:

This won't happen automatically, but you can create a syntax definition file named Usertype.dat that contains MASM keywords. Then when Visual Studio starts, it reads the syntax file and highlights MASM keywords.

If you decide to use Visual Studio's built-in MASM syntax highlighter, here are the required steps to set it up:

1) Download this Usertype.dat file (enclosed in a ZIP file) given here to a folder in which you have read/write permissions. Extract it from the zip archive.

2) Copy Usertype.dat to the C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\Common7\IDE folder.

Windows will display a confirmation dialog before copying the file.

3) Open Visual Studio, select Options from the Tools menu, select Text Editor, and select File Extension. On the right side of the dialog (shown below), enter asm as the extension, select Microsoft Visual C++ from the Editor list, and click the Add button. Click the OK button to save your changes.

Close Visual Studio and restart it. Open your project and display an ASM file. You should see syntax highlighting in the editor. There is a glitch in the highlighting--assembly language comment line starts start with a semicolon, which C++ doesn't recognize. But this is a simple workaround: add an extra // right after the semicolon, like this, which will cause the comments to appear in their usual green color:

;// AddTwo.asm - adds two 32-bit integers.
;// Chapter 3 example

More trouble please e-mail thousands_times_li@163.com