Groovy学习-map操作

创建和获取

def map = [name: 'Gromit', likes: 'cheese', id: 1234]
assert map.get('name') == 'Gromit'
assert map.get('id') == 1234
assert map['name'] == 'Gromit'
assert map['id'] == 1234
assert map instanceof java.util.Map

def emptyMap = [:]
assert emptyMap.size() == 0
emptyMap.put("foo", 5)
assert emptyMap.size() == 1
assert emptyMap.get("foo") == 5

map字面值

def a = 'Bob'
def ages = [a: 43]
assert ages['Bob'] == null // 找不到`Bob`
assert ages['a'] == 43     // 因为 `a` 是字面值（文本）!

ages = [(a): 43]            // 将`a`用()括起来
assert ages['Bob'] == 43   // 这时就能找到'Bob'的值了

拷贝副本

def map = [
        simple : 123,
        complex: [a: 1, b: 2]
]
def map2 = map.clone()
assert map2.get('simple') == map.get('simple')
assert map2.get('complex') == map.get('complex')
map2.get('complex').put('c', 3)
assert map.get('complex').get('c') == 3

map属性符号

def map = [name: 'Gromit', likes: 'cheese', id: 1234]
assert map.name == 'Gromit'     // 同map.get('Gromit')
assert map.id == 1234

def emptyMap = [:]
assert emptyMap.size() == 0
emptyMap.foo = 5
assert emptyMap.size() == 1
assert emptyMap.foo == 5

部分标识符操作

def map = [name: 'Gromit', likes: 'cheese', id: 1234]
assert map.class == null
assert map.get('class') == null
assert map.getClass() == LinkedHashMap // 这很可能是你想要的结果

map = [1      : 'a',
       (true) : 'p',
       (false): 'q',
       (null) : 'x',
       'null' : 'z']
assert map.containsKey(1) // 数字1不是一个标识符，所以得这样调用
assert map.true == null
assert map.false == null
assert map.get(true) == 'p'
assert map.get(false) == 'q'
assert map.null == 'z'
assert map.get(null) == 'x'

map迭代

def map = [
        Bob  : 42,
        Alice: 54,
        Max  : 33
]

// `entry` is a map entry
map.each { entry ->
    println "Name: $entry.key Age: $entry.value"
}

// `entry` is a map entry, `i` the index in the map
map.eachWithIndex { entry, i ->
    println "$i - Name: $entry.key Age: $entry.value"
}

// Alternatively you can use key and value directly
map.each { key, value ->
    println "Name: $key Age: $value"
}

// Key, value and i as the index in the map
map.eachWithIndex { key, value, i ->
    println "$i - Name: $key Age: $value"
}

添加或删除元素

def defaults = [1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd']
def overrides = [2: 'z', 5: 'x', 13: 'x']

def result = new LinkedHashMap(defaults)
result.put(15, 't')
result[17] = 'u'
result.putAll(overrides)
assert result == [1: 'a', 2: 'z', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 5: 'x', 13: 'x', 15: 't', 17: 'u']

def m = [1:'a', 2:'b']
assert m.get(1) == 'a'
m.clear() // 删除所有元素
assert m == [:]

分组

assert ['a', 7, 'b', [2, 3]].groupBy {
    it.class
} == [(String)   : ['a', 'b'],
      (Integer)  : [7],
      (ArrayList): [[2, 3]]
]

assert [
        [name: 'Clark', city: 'London'], [name: 'Sharma', city: 'London'],
        [name: 'Maradona', city: 'LA'], [name: 'Zhang', city: 'HK'],
        [name: 'Ali', city: 'HK'], [name: 'Liu', city: 'HK'],
].groupBy { it.city } == [
        London: [[name: 'Clark', city: 'London'],
                 [name: 'Sharma', city: 'London']],
        LA    : [[name: 'Maradona', city: 'LA']],
        HK    : [[name: 'Zhang', city: 'HK'],
                 [name: 'Ali', city: 'HK'],
                 [name: 'Liu', city: 'HK']],
]

Range

使用..符号定义的范围是包含性的（即List包含from和to值）。

使用.. <符号定义的范围是半开的，它们包括第一个值，但不是最后一个值。

// 全包含的range
def range = 5..8
assert range.size() == 4
assert range.get(2) == 7
assert range[2] == 7
assert range instanceof java.util.List
assert range.contains(5)
assert range.contains(8)

// 半开的range
range = 5..<8
assert range.size() == 3
assert range.get(2) == 7
assert range[2] == 7
assert range instanceof java.util.List
assert range.contains(5)
assert !range.contains(8)

//获取range的端点而不使用索引
range = 1..10
assert range.from == 1
assert range.to == 10

// 全包括range
def range = 'a'..'d'
assert range.size() == 4
assert range.get(2) == 'c'
assert range[2] == 'c'
assert range instanceof java.util.List
assert range.contains('a')
assert range.contains('d')
assert !range.contains('e')